“…The eight studies that mapped for generic bioenergy species first mapped marginal lands, then employed land use constraints, or masks, where bioenergy crops should not be planted [27][28][29][30][31]34,36,45]. Finally, three studies first targeted marginal lands for generic bioenergy species based on multiple input criteria, but employed no land cover constraints [13,40,44]. For example, performed a "hierarchical" GIS overlay in succession mapping lands that were considered physically marginal (using slope, rock fragment, bedrock depth, flooding, and ponding), biologically marginal (using temperature, moisture, soil erosion, soil depth, sand content, production, CEC, EC, sodicity, pH, drainage, water table, and soil restriction), environmentally-ecologically marginal (using soil organic carbon trend, slope, erosion, wetland), and finally lands that were economically marginal (from breakeven price or yield).…”