Hierarchical layered double hydroxide coated carbon nanotube modified quaternized chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells

Gong, Chunli; Zhao, Shujun; Tsen, Wen‐Chin; Hu, Fuqiang; Zhong, Fei; Zhang, Bingqing; Hai, Liu; Zheng, Guo; Qin, Caiqin; Wen, Sheng

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227176

Cited by 56 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…By quaternizing the chitosan matrix and copolymerized with PVA, CNT got improved proton conductivity up to 0.047 S/cm when coated by hierarchical LDH at the same temperature. 45 It was reported that the maximum power density of the QCS/PVA-LDH@CNT was 107.2 mW/cm 2, which was greater than the pristine QCS/PVA membrane by 27%. the QCS/PVA matrix membrane having better mechanical strength (1.57-fold high in tensile strength) when 1 wt % of LDH@CNT was added due to the hierarchical nanostructure of the modified nanofiller.…”

Section: Pem-based With Carbon Nanotubes As a Conductive Fillermentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the composite membranes were enhanced owed by homogeneous dispersion of SCNTs in the chitosan matrix. By quaternizing the chitosan matrix and copolymerized with PVA, CNT got improved proton conductivity up to 0.047 S/cm when coated by hierarchical LDH at the same temperature 45 . It was reported that the maximum power density of the QCS/PVA‐LDH@CNT was 107.2 mW/cm 2, which was greater than the pristine QCS/PVA membrane by 27%.…”

Section: Literature Studies On Membrane Fuel Cell Containing Cnt Go and Mmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides fuel cells, there were broad applications 24,[42][43][44][45] that had been practiced in the filler system in order to enhance the cell performance, especially for nanocomposites. Recent studies 9,42,[46][47][48][49] had emphasized the emergence of polymer electrolyte membranes composed of commercial Nafion membrane and its modifications, also including the developed polymers like chitosan, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone), and polybenzimidazole.…”

Section: Properties Of Carbon Nanotube Graphene Oxide and Montmorillonite As Fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide and montmorillonite as conductive fillers in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell: an overview

2020

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Summary This study discusses three conductive materials—carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, and montmorillonite which recently being used as fillers in membranes of fuel cell application and commonly hybridized with polymers as the matrix. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is using a polymer‐based membrane as the electrolyte, which might require filler or functionalization to enhance their cell performance. This review provides brief information for the researcher who insists on improving the current PEM using these potential fillers, specified with required values of membrane properties measurement. It also entails the special features of the nanofillers concerning their chemical structure and electrochemical properties based on recent studies. As electricity is generated from an external fuel source, the membranes that are used should be more than 0.1 S/cm of proton conductivity, low fuel permeability (< 1.37 x 10−6 cm2/s), cheap, and high stability in dry and wet condition. PEM is widely being utilized together with filler(s) incorporated as a purpose to overcome recent drawbacks encountered by the commercial Nafion membrane solely. Hence, the fillers embedded in the membrane are necessarily to have the promising characteristics, acknowledging the potential performances of three conductive nanofillers of (a) carbon nanotubes which is well‐known of its electrical conducting potential with three cylindrical design, (b) graphene oxide which is a reactive carbonaceous material with its multifunctional groups and (c) montmorillonite which is one of the clay types that has tetrahedral and octahedral layers of alumina‐silicates for producing better hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane. Highlights Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, and montmorillonite are highly promising conductive fillers with outstanding cell performances based on previous studies. Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, and montmorillonite are chosen as incorporated fillers recently due to their rolling up direction (chirality vector of graphene sheet), reactive functional groups attached on the carbon atoms and ionic multilayers of the tetrahedral and octahedral sheet, respectively. High proton conductivity, low electronic conductivity, low fuel permeability, low water transport, low production cost, and high mechanical stability in both dry and wet condition are properties that should be portrayed by a good hybrid membrane.

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Section: Pem-based With Carbon Nanotubes As a Conductive Fillermentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Literature Studies On Membrane Fuel Cell Containing Cnt Go and Mmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Properties Of Carbon Nanotube Graphene Oxide and Montmorillonite As Fillersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide and montmorillonite as conductive fillers in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell: an overview

2020

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“…However, the synthesis of the quaternized polyaromatics process is involving hazardous materials like chloromethylation of benzene rings that high toxicity and carcinogenic. Besides, the cost engineering polymers of quaternized polyaromatics are basically costly that becomes the main barrier to the development in the widespread field …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of quaternized polyvinyl alcohol as an alternative polymeric membrane in DMFCs and DEFCs

Zakaria

Kamarudin

2020

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) and direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) have emerged as alternative power generators for portable devices and household appliances because of their easy and fast production of electricity, as well as high energy conversion to provide high‐power density. However, several critical factors limit the commercialization of DMFCs and DEFCs, particularly issues related to polymer electrolyte membranes, including the high‐cost production of Nafion membranes and cell degradation caused by high fuel crossover and dehydration. This review paper provides an overview of the current status and challenges in quaternized polyvinyl alcohol (QPVA)‐based membranes as an alternative polymer electrolyte membrane for DMFCs and DEFCs. The main advantages of using QPVA‐based membranes in fuel cells are reduced cost production of membrane, fuel‐crossover minimization, and competitive conductivity with Nafion membrane. The effects of modifying the QPVA‐based membrane, especially on conductivity properties, fuel crossover, uptake condition, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, and single‐cell performance are comprehensively discussed. The best performances of DMFCs and DEFCs with utilizing QPVA‐based membrane are reported as 272 and 144 mW cm−2, respectively. This paper is the first to highlight the current status and challenges of QPVA‐based membranes for DMFCs and DEFCs applications.

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“…Many inorganic nano-additives such as 0-dimensional (0D) nanoparticles [ 17 , 18 , 19 ] (e.g., silica, titania, zirconia, zeolites, silicon-aluminum oxides), one-dimensional (1D) nanotubes or nanorods [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] (e.g., carbon nanotubes, halloysite tubes) and two-dimensional (2D) nanoplates [ 23 , 24 ] (e.g., montmorillonite, grapheme oxide) have been extensively applied to modify polymers to improve their thermal and mechanical stabilities while endowing them with some new properties due to the synergistic effect. Among those inorganic nanomaterials, 1D nanotubes or nanorods stand out for their unique anisotropic 1D shape because such nanomaterials can contribute to construct better channel-like ion transport pathways in the composites for proton conduction [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composite Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Chitosan and Phosphotungstic Acid Immobilized One-Dimensional Attapulgite for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Tsen

2020

Nanomaterials

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In order to obtain biopolymer chitosan-based proton exchange membranes with excellent mechanical properties as well as high ionic conductivity at the same time, natural attapulgite (AT) with one-dimensional (1D) structure was loaded with a strong heteropolyacid and also a super proton conductor, phosphotungstic acid (PWA), using a facial method. The obtained PWA anchored attapulgite (WQAT) was then doped into the chitosan matrix to prepare a series of Chitosan (CS)/WQAT composite membranes. The PWA coating could improve the dispersion and interfacial bonding between the nano-additive and polymer matrix, thus increasing the mechanical strength. Moreover, the ultra-strong proton conduction ability of PWA together with the interaction between positively charged CS chains and negatively charged PWA can construct effective proton transport channels with the help of 1D AT. The proton conductivity of the composite membrane (4 wt.% WQAT loading) reached 35.3 mS cm−1 at 80 °C, which was 31.8% higher than that of the pure CS membrane. Moreover, due to the decreased methanol permeability and increased conductivity, the composite membrane with 4% WQAT content exhibited a peak power density of 70.26 mW cm−2 fed at 2 M methanol, whereas the pure CS membrane displayed only 40.08 mW cm−2.

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Hierarchical layered double hydroxide coated carbon nanotube modified quaternized chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol for alkaline direct methanol fuel cells

Cited by 56 publications

References 42 publications

Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide and montmorillonite as conductive fillers in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell: an overview

Carbon nanotube, graphene oxide and montmorillonite as conductive fillers in polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell: an overview

A review of quaternized polyvinyl alcohol as an alternative polymeric membrane in DMFCs and DEFCs

Composite Proton Exchange Membranes Based on Chitosan and Phosphotungstic Acid Immobilized One-Dimensional Attapulgite for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

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