“…In the last few decades, there are many studies on system identification, and 1 the methods in these studies can be roughly divided into the stochastic gradient (SG) algorithm [2][3][4]34], the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm [12,14,24,30], and the iterative algorithm [10,11,18,20]. The SG algorithm and the RLS algorithm are often used in online estimation, but the iterative algorithm is often used in off-line estimation.…”