Hierarchical dispatching method based on Hungarian algorithm for reducing the battery degradation cost of EVs participating in frequency regulation

Zeng, Long; Li, Canbing; Li, Zuyi; Zhou, Bin; Liu, Hui; Yang, Hanyu

doi:10.1049/iet-gtd.2020.0754

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…At the upper level, the power exchange in G2V, B2V, and BS stations is optimized based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm. In the optimization process, the particle swarm optimization algorithm and the Hungarian algorithm are applied at lower power exchange to improve the convergence speed [40][41][42]. In this process, the number of EVs that are dispatched to charging stations is considered as the decision variable which is an array.…”

Section: Optimization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Electric Vehicle Charging Method Considering Multiple Power Exchange Modes’ Coordination

et al. 2023

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To achieve sustainable environmental development, numerous countries and governments have been vigorously promoting the proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) through a series of policy measures and economic subsidies. With the increasing number of EVs, multiple EV charging modes are being researched to satisfy owners’ requirements. In this paper, an EV charging method considering multiple power exchange modes’ coordination is proposed for meeting owners’ requirements with cost-effectiveness. In the proposed method, the battery swapping (BS) station, building-to-vehicle (B2V) station, and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) station are considered. In G2V stations, EVs charge from the power grid. In B2V stations, distributed renewable energy generation is considered as the energy provider. This study contemplates the use of photovoltaic power systems in B2V stations for the charging of EVs. In BS stations, the power exchange among batteries and the power grid is considered. The battery energy storage is utilized for reducing the battery degradation cost (BDC) and power cost. EVs are dispatched to the corresponding charging stations according to the electric price, BDC, and so on. In the dispatching process, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and Hungarian algorithm are applied. Several case studies are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the power matching between EVs and charging modes is discussed.

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Section: Optimization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…c nn in the element represents the corresponding cost generated by the nth dispatched number of EVs charging in the nth station. In ( 22) and ( 23), the calculation procedures of the Hungarian algorithm are described [42].…”

Section: Ncell = Nrow (Or Ncolumn)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electric Vehicle Charging Method Considering Multiple Power Exchange Modes’ Coordination

et al. 2023

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“…The decision variable in this problem is the total charging power of the BSS, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to obtain the optimal solution. In the power assignment process, the Hungarian algorithm is applied to obtain the batteries' optimal power exchange scheme at each particle (Zeng et al, 2020). The procedure of the designed algorithm is shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: Middle Power Exchangementioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical transactive power exchange method on expressways for EV energy supplement

et al. 2023

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Electric vehicle (EV) users’ driving requirement is restricted by the long charging period and high cost. In this paper, a hierarchical transactive power exchange method on expressways is proposed to eliminate range anxiety faced by EV users and further reduce their cost. When EVs are driven on expressways, battery swapping is considered the suitable power exchange mode due to high efficiency and adjustability. EVs are scheduled to supplement energy in battery swapping stations (BSSs) according to the remaining energy and battery swapping cost. Then, the power exchange among batteries and the power grid in BSSs is optimized for reducing the operation cost. In the optimization process, battery-to-battery and battery-to-grid modes are considered for reducing the power cost in the high electric price period. Some EVs release battery energy in designated BSSs and supplement energy in other BSSs. It reduces fast charging power of the battery and operation costs in designated BSSs. Several case studies are presented to validate the effectiveness and economy of the proposed method.

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“…However, the cycle life of a battery is strongly affected by the number of charge-discharge cycles and the depth of discharge (DOD). As a result, continuously charging and discharging battery with high DOD will ultimately shorten its life [8,9]. Until now, there have been many challenges for providing long-term grid service through V2G.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power imbalance‐based droop control for vehicle to grid in primary frequency regulation

Suh

Song

Jang

2022

IET Generation Trans & Dist

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As demand for electric vehicles (EV) grows, interest in vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) is increasing. Although V2G provides additional flexibility for power systems, it can be an inconvenience for the EV owner and shorten the cycle life of EV batteries. In this paper, we propose a power‐imbalance‐based droop control (PIDC) for V2G, which uses estimated active power imbalance between supply and demand, without any communications or dispatch signal from the automatic generation control (AGC). Unlike the existing frequency droop control, the proposed method controls V2G based on the estimated imbalance. The Imbalance between electricity supply and demand was estimated using the swing equation, frequency deviation, and rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). Conventional frequency droop control has a slow response speed because it only considers the frequency deviation. Using the PIDC, the critical frequency drop was discerned faster and the V2G could react more quickly in critical frequency drop situations. Additionally, battery cycle life was preserved in ordinary frequency fluctuations where V2G is unnecessary. This study used MATLAB R2020a to show the effectiveness and performance of PIDC. The case study results showed that PIDC has a faster response speed and preserves EV battery cycle life compared to frequency droop control.

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Hierarchical dispatching method based on Hungarian algorithm for reducing the battery degradation cost of EVs participating in frequency regulation

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

An Electric Vehicle Charging Method Considering Multiple Power Exchange Modes’ Coordination

An Electric Vehicle Charging Method Considering Multiple Power Exchange Modes’ Coordination

Hierarchical transactive power exchange method on expressways for EV energy supplement

Power imbalance‐based droop control for vehicle to grid in primary frequency regulation

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