Hierarchical control strategy with battery aging consideration for hybrid electric vehicle regenerative braking control

Wu, Jian; Wang, Xiangyu; Zhang, Lipeng; Qin, Cun'an; Du, Yongchang

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.138

Cited by 112 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The low frequency component of the power requested on the DC bus will be used as input for the LFW control. The low frequency component can be easily obtained using a low-pass filter [64] in comparison with other more complex techniques based on rules [65] or artificial intelligence concepts [66,67]. In this paper the low frequency component has been obtained via an averaging technique, but the use of low-pass filter with 0.1 Hz cut-off frequency has been tested as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Efficiency and Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell/Renewable Energy Sources Hybrid Power System with the Load-Following Control of the Fueling Regulators

Bizon

Thounthong

2020

Mathematics

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Two Hybrid Power System (HPS) topologies are proposed in this paper based on the Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) and a Fuel Cell (FC) system-based backup energy source. Photovoltaic arrays and wind turbines are modeled as RESs power flow. Hydrogen and air needed for FC stack to generate the power requested by the load are achieved through the Load-Following control loop. This control loop will regulate the fueling flow rate to load level. A real-time optimization strategy for RES/FC HPS based on Extremum Seeking Control will find the Maximum Efficiency Point or best fuel economy point by control of the boost converter. Therefore, two HPS configurations and associated strategies based on Load-Following and optimization loops of the fueling regulators were studied here and compared using the following performance indicators: the FC net power generated on the DC bus, the FC energy efficiency, the fuel consumption efficiency, and the total fuel consumption. An increase in the FC system’s electrical efficiency and fuel economy of up to 2% and 12% respectively has been obtained using the proposed optimization strategies compared with a baseline strategy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the performance obtained with the Air-LFW strategy proposed in this study can be compared with those obtained with the Air-LFW Fuel-GES strategy [66] (which, besides the GES control for the boost controller, uses a second GES control to search the best fuel economy using the fuel regulator) as follows:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficiency and Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell/Renewable Energy Sources Hybrid Power System with the Load-Following Control of the Fueling Regulators

Bizon

Thounthong

2020

Mathematics

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“…This question was also stated in Figure 3. The performance of battery packs, mostly Li-Ion batteries, are discussed in terms of aging in [55,57,[90][91][92][93], in terms of temperature impact in [94,95] and also of state of balance/ health [96], in terms of both aging and temperature of operation in [56], in terms of both aging and sizing in [97], and in terms of both aging and energy management/power estimation in [98][99][100]. Also, the experimental settlement has a strong influence on the outcomes reported, and for that reason we can find out contradictory results in many papers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

Machedon-Pisu

Borza

2019

Sustainability

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As the title suggests, the sustainability of personal electric vehicles is in question. In terms of life span, range, comfort, and safety, electric vehicles, such as e-cars and e-buses, are much better than personal electric vehicles, such as e-bikes. However, electric vehicles present greater costs and increased energy consumption. Also, the impact on environment, health, and fitness is more negative than that of personal electric vehicles. Since transportation vehicles can benefit from hybrid electric storage solutions, we address the following question: Is it possible to reach a compromise between sustainability and technology constraints by implementing a low-cost hybrid personal electric vehicle with improved life span and range that is also green? Our methodology consists of life cycle assessment and performance analyses tackling the facets of the sustainability challenges (economy, society, and environment) and limitations of the electric storage solutions (dependent on technology and application) presented herein. The hybrid electric storage system of the proposed hybrid e-bike is made of batteries, supercapacitors, and corresponding power electronics, allowing the optimal control of power flows between the system's components and application's actuators.Our hybrid e-bike costs less than a normal e-bike (half or less), does not depend on battery operation for short periods of time (a few seconds), has better autonomy than most personal electric vehicles (more than 60 km), has a greater life span (a few years more than a normal e-bike), has better energy efficiency (more than 90%), and is much cleaner due to the reduced number of batteries replaced per life time (one instead of two or three).

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“…The optimal control of braking efficiency and energy recovery cannot be guaranteed with fixed slip ratio on different tire-road adhesion conditions. Through monitoring and identification of tire-road adhesion conditions in real time, the OSR is output as the control target value to ensure braking performance [18,19]. Process of IRBCS based on OSR is shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Control Principle Overview Of Irbcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several mature tire-road models based on empirical and analytical can be selected [13]. A braking force distribution strategy is proposed in [19] based on the estimation of the tire-road friction coefficient using a fuzzy logic estimation approach. In this paper, the empirical model 'Burckhardt tire model' is selected because of its suitability for tire behavior simulation, as shown in Figure 3(a) and Table 1.…”

Section: Tire-road Adhesion Coefficient Recognition Module (Tacrm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimal Slip Ratio-Based Revised Regenerative Braking Control Strategy of Range-Extended Electric Vehicle

Liu

Lei

et al. 2020

Energies

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The energy recovered with regenerative braking system can greatly improve energy efficiency of range-extended electric vehicle (R-EEV). Nevertheless, maximizing braking energy recovery while maintaining braking performance remains a challenging issue, and it is also difficult to reduce the adverse effects of regenerative current on battery capacity loss rate (Qloss,%) to extend its service life. To solve this problem, a revised regenerative braking control strategy (RRBCS) with the rate and shape of regenerative braking current considerations is proposed. Firstly, the initial regenerative braking control strategy (IRBCS) is researched in this paper. Then, the battery capacity loss model is established by using battery capacity test results. Eventually, RRBCS is obtained based on IRBCS to optimize and modify the allocation logic of braking work-point. The simulation results show that compared with IRBCS, the regenerative braking energy is slightly reduced by 16.6% and Qloss,% is reduced by 79.2%. It means that the RRBCS can reduce Qloss,% at the expense of small braking energy recovery loss. As expected, RRBCS has a positive effect on prolonging the battery service life while ensuring braking safety while maximizing recovery energy. This result can be used to develop regenerative braking control system to improve comprehensive performance levels.

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Hierarchical control strategy with battery aging consideration for hybrid electric vehicle regenerative braking control

Cited by 112 publications

References 22 publications

Energy Efficiency and Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell/Renewable Energy Sources Hybrid Power System with the Load-Following Control of the Fueling Regulators

Energy Efficiency and Fuel Economy of a Fuel Cell/Renewable Energy Sources Hybrid Power System with the Load-Following Control of the Fueling Regulators

Are Personal Electric Vehicles Sustainable? A Hybrid E-Bike Case Study

An Optimal Slip Ratio-Based Revised Regenerative Braking Control Strategy of Range-Extended Electric Vehicle

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