Hierarchical code assignment algorithm and state-based CDMA protocol for UWSN

Du, Xiujuan; Peng, Chunyan; Liu, Xiuxiu; Liu, Yu-Chi

doi:10.1109/cc.2015.7084363

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Since T is fixed, in formula (7), it is assumed that when T work is constant, the sleep time can be prolonged by reducing the idle time of nodes, thus reducing energy consumption.…”

Section: Network Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The underwater sensor nodes use acoustic channels as the communication medium with a speed of 1500 m/s, which is five orders of magnitude lower than that of radio signals; thus, the MAC protocols designed for terrestrial sensor networks are not suitable for UWSNs. The underwater acoustic channel has the characteristics of long propagation delay, high bit error rate, and low bandwidth [7][8][9]. Moreover, in addition to high delay and low bandwidth, energy consumption is another major problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A MAC Protocol of Concurrent Scheduling Based on Spatial‐Temporal Uncertainty for Underwater Sensor Networks

Liu

et al. 2021

Journal of Sensors

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Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are characterized by large energy consumption, limited power supply, low bit rate, and long propagation delay, as well as spatial-temporal uncertainty, which present both challenges and opportunities for media access control (MAC) protocol design. The time-division transmissions can effectively avoid collisions since different nodes transmit packets at different period of time. Nevertheless, in UWSNs with long propagation delay, in order to avoid collisions, the period of time is subject to be long enough, which results in poor channel utilization and low throughput. In view of the long and different propagation delay between a receiving node and multiple sending nodes in UWSNs, as long as there is no collision at the receiving node, multiple sending nodes can transmit packets simultaneously. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a MAC protocol of concurrent scheduling based on spatial-temporal uncertainty called CSSTU-MAC (concurrent scheduling based on spatial-temporal uncertainty MAC) for UWSNs. The CSSTU-MAC protocol utilizes the characteristics of temporal-spatial uncertainty as well as long propagation delay in UWSNs to achieve concurrent transmission and collision avoidance. Simulation results show that the CSSTU-MAC protocol outperforms the existing MAC protocol with time-division transmissions in terms of average energy consumption and network throughput.

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“…Since T is fixed, in formula (7), it is assumed that when T work is constant, the sleep time can be prolonged by reducing the idle time of nodes, thus reducing energy consumption.…”

Section: Network Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A MAC Protocol of Concurrent Scheduling Based on Spatial‐Temporal Uncertainty for Underwater Sensor Networks

Liu

et al. 2021

Journal of Sensors

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“…For example, Zhou et al dealt with the design and performance evaluation of random access scheme in UWSN [17] and focused on tradeoffs arisen in clustered topology and proposed a protocol which is partly deterministic and partly random in [18]. Du et al presented CDMA based MAC protocols for UWSN [19]. CDMA system requires additional hardware, and the narrow available frequency range in underwater acoustic channels has a negative impact on the application of CDMA based MAC protocols.…”

Section: Mac Protocol For Uwsnmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) INPUT: data block (2) OUTPUT: encoded packets delivery (3) Upon receiving a data block of size do (4) encodes packets to generate encoded packets; (5) set the frame sequence number of the first encoded packet to ; (6) // used to notice the overhearing nodes that the sender will transmit − 1 frames subsequently (7) set the frame sequence number of the second packet to − 1, and so on till last to "1"; (8) // also used to notice the overhearing nodes the frame number transmitted subsequently (9) set the "immediate ACK" field of the first frame as well as the last to "1", others to "0"; (10) find the next hop (receiver) in routing table; (11) while (the state of the receiver ≤1) then (12) put off delivery; (13) endwhile (14) if (the state of the receiver >1) & (backoff timer is timeout) then (15) switch to sending state and transmit the first frame; // start one transmission stage (16) switch to receiving state; // waiting for the ACK (17) if (receive the ACK for the first frame with "0" in the index field) then (18) switch to sending state and send the other frames subsequently; (19) set backoff time = ; (20) switch to receiving state; // waiting for ACK for the block (21) // the first transmission stage for the block is over. (22) if (receive the ACK for the block) then (23)…”

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confidence: 99%

RLT Code Based Handshake-Free Reliable MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks

Liu

et al. 2016

Journal of Sensors

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The characteristics of underwater acoustic channels such as long propagation delay and low bit rate cause the medium access control (MAC) protocols designed for radio channels to either be inapplicable or have low efficiency for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). Meanwhile, due to high bit error, conventional end-to-end reliable transfer solutions bring about too many retransmissions and are inefficient in UWSN. In this paper, we present a recursive LT (RLT) code. With small degree distribution and recursive encoding, RLT achieves reliable transmission hop-by-hop while reducing the complexity of encoding and decoding in UWSN. We further propose an RLT code based handshake-free (RCHF) reliable MAC protocol. In RCHF protocol, each node maintains a neighbor table including the field of state, and packages are forwarded according to the state of a receiver, which can avoid collisions of sending-receiving and overhearing. The transmission-avoidance time in RCHF decreases data-ACK collision dramatically. Without RTS/CTS handshaking, the RCHF protocol improves channel utilization while achieving reliable transmission. Simulation results show that, compared with the existing reliable data transport approaches for underwater networks, RCHF can improve network throughput while decreasing end-to-end overhead.

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“…In this Protocol, communication among the nodes is fixed and its control packets has been shared. Multiple Accesses with collision avoidance is incorporated along the protocol [6]. Specifically all nodes utilizes the allocated time slots with time to achieve collision elimination for communication which minimizes the channel utilization and increase the throughput of network greatly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Weight Concurrent Scheduling of Mobile Sink routing protocol towards Minimization of Propagation Delay against Spatial and Temporal Uncertainties of Cluster based Wireless Sensor Network

Manjula G. Hegde

2024

pst

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Wireless Sensor Network highly exposed to certain security attacks due to various uncertainties of the network which lead to node compromise. Hence considerable attention has been made by researcher during scheduling of the mobile sink to data collection of sensed information from the sensor nodes. Many secure data aggregation mechanism has been proposed to withstand the network against these kind of attack. Despite of many advantageous, those architectures will lead to several limitations such as large propagation delay and high energy consumption and spatial and temporal uncertainties. In order to mitigate those challenges, Light Weight Concurrent Scheduling of Mobile Sink routing protocol towards Minimization of Propagation Delay against Spatial and Temporal Uncertainties of Wireless Sensor Network is designed. It should be capable achieving energy efficiency and collision avoidance due to uncertainty in transmission and reception. Proposed model eliminates the packet collision and poor channel utilization challenges. Initially, node is partitioned and cluster head is selected based on the highest energy density of the node in the particular location. Employing Full duplex channel easily examines the spatial and temporal characteristic of the node through utilization cache information of routing table. It further helps to build the light weight scheme with behavioral strategies of the nodes for secure propagation of the sensed data to the mobile sink. Light weight scheme deployed in mobile sinks estimate the node trustworthiness and simultaneously collects the secure aggregated data packets of the sensor node through cluster head against dynamic time slots concurrently .Comparing with traditional secure routing architecture, simulation results demonstrates that proposed architecture can reduce the propagation delay against various uncertainties and maximizes the life time of the network on increasing the networking performances with respect to packet delivery ratio, throughput and propagation delay. Finally proposed model obtains the cooperative communication of sensor node information to the base station through mobile sink on heterogeneous wireless sensor network environment. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.387

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Hierarchical code assignment algorithm and state-based CDMA protocol for UWSN

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

A MAC Protocol of Concurrent Scheduling Based on Spatial‐Temporal Uncertainty for Underwater Sensor Networks

A MAC Protocol of Concurrent Scheduling Based on Spatial‐Temporal Uncertainty for Underwater Sensor Networks

RLT Code Based Handshake-Free Reliable MAC Protocol for Underwater Sensor Networks

Light Weight Concurrent Scheduling of Mobile Sink routing protocol towards Minimization of Propagation Delay against Spatial and Temporal Uncertainties of Cluster based Wireless Sensor Network

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