Hierarchical chemomechanical encoding of multi-responsive hydrogel actuators <i>via</i> 3D printing

Odent, Jérémy; Vanderstappen, Sophie; Toncheva, Antoniya; Pichon, Enzo; Wallin, Thomas J.; Wang, Kaiyang; Shepherd, Robert F.; Dubois, Philippe; Raquez, Jean-Marie

doi:10.1039/c9ta03547h

Cited by 87 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the latter approach is less common, due to the lack of efficient water-soluble photoinitiators, a few soft robotic devices that were printed by SLA were demonstrated. [62][63][64] So far, the most widely used materials for fabrication of hydrogel-based soft robotics are polyacrylamide, [43,44,59] poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm), [57,59] hyaluronic acid, [65] chitosan, [58] and alginate. [66] Due to their biocompatibility, hydrogels are widely integrated into biomedical applications, such as implants and drug delivery [67] and we expect that soft robotics devices based on hydrogels, will find more applications in this field, mainly in fabricating surgical graspers for soft tissues during surgeries, such as laparoscopic pancreatic surgery.…”

Section: Flexible and Stretchable Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing Materials for Soft Robotics

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

that uses the sensor-generated information to accurately regulate and enhance the dynamic performance.Soft robots (and more in general soft material-based systems) can be built with a plethora of materials and composites having very different mechanical properties, spanning from fluids (i.e., liquid metals, etc.) and hydrogels, to stiff solids (i.e., acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), epoxy resins, etc.). Also, in most cases, the constituent materials have many degrees of freedom and are highly non-linear, with relevant hysteresis and viscoelastic behavior. Hence, modeling soft systems is a very challenging task, and it still misses a comprehensive theoretical foundation. [19] As a result, the modeling phase is often overlooked in the design process, which in most cases relies on trial and error experimentation. The most commonly used materials in the design of soft robotics are silicone-based elastomers, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). They are used as the flexible material in pneumatic actuators, [4,5,14] in magnetic actuators, [11] and in electrically driven actuators as well, usually along with a conductive layer, commonly a carbon-based material. [15,16] Besides, other flexible polymers such as polyimides, [8] polyurethanes (PU), [12,20] or hydrogels [9] are used. So far, most devices are fabricated by casting or molding of liquid monomers, followed by hardening by UV light or heat.3D printing is an additive manufacturing technique, in which a required material is deposited, layer by layer, to form a 3D object, that is, it is a sequential 2D printing. The main advantages of 3D printing over subtractive manufacturing methods, are the simplicity of the process and the ability to form complex and hollow structures. There is a variety of 3D printing technologies that are commercially available, as described in a diversity of review reports. [21][22][23] Therefore, we will present here only a concise description of the printing technologies that are most relevant to soft robotics, all of them are based on ink compositions which are liquid during the printing processes.The most widely used methods are based on extrusion of materials, called fused deposition modeling (FDM) [24,25] and direct ink writing (DIW). [26,27] Both methods rely on a material that is extruded through a nozzle onto a substrate, and differ by the materials being used, the nozzle's nature, and the fixation mechanism. In FDM, a thermoplastic filament is extruded through a heated nozzle, followed by solidification upon cooling on the substrate, to form a solid 2D layer. This technique is simple and not expensive, but is limited to thermoplastic polymers and has relatively low resolution. In DIW, a viscous Soft robotics is a growing field of research, focusing on constructing motorless robots from highly compliant materials, some are similar to those found in living organisms. Soft robotics has a high potential for applications in various fields such as soft grippers, actuators, and biomedical devices. 3D printing of soft robotics present...

show abstract

Section: Flexible and Stretchable Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing Materials for Soft Robotics

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[84,[359][360][361][362][363][364] In addition to the traditional photo-polymerization technique, [365,366] in recent years, several effective technology paths have been developed for the fabrication of multi-layered hydrogels, such as layer-by-layer (LBL) technique, [367][368][369][370] step-wise technique (mainly for onion-like multi-layered hydrogels), [359,361,[371][372][373][374] sequential electrospinning technique, [375][376][377][378][379][380][381] and 3D printing (additive manufacturing) technique. [382][383][384][385] Meanwhile, "Janus" structural hydrogels can be regarded as another kind of multi-layered hydrogels (Fig. 9), in which, word "Janus" stems from ancient, two-faced Roman god, to describe the two faces with asymmetry properties nowadays.…”

Section: Multi-layered Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogel: Diversity of Structures and Applications in Food Science

Jia

Luo

2021

Food Reviews International

103

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrogels are a series of soft and wet materials with three dimensions of crosslinked networks. Hydrogels have attracted great attention due to their diverse functional properties, and their wide range of applications, such as in soft robots and actuators, stretched electronic devices, tissue engineering materials, controlled-release drug delivery vehicles, biomedicine materials, food science, and (bio)sensors. In general, there are four core concerns in hydrogel science, including the polymer source, structure fabrication, gel function, and gel applications. According to the logic that the "structure determines function", it is believed that rational design of structures can effectively regulate the functions and applications of hydrogels. Hence, in the current review, "structure" as the core topic will be highly regarded, and the crosslinking mechanisms and structural diversity of hydrogels are comprehensively summarized. Additionally, hydrogels also show their great application potential in food science. Hence, the current review also pays more attention to the application of hydrogels in food nutrition and health, food engineering and processing, and food safety. It is whished that this review not only serves as a reference for improving the comprehensive understanding of the structural design of hydrogels but also provides a forward-looking idea for hydrogel applications in food science.

show abstract

“…Recently Odent et al [138] developed a hydrogel-based actuator with a compositional gradient across the thickness from passive (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm)) to active (poly(2-carboxyethylacrylate) (PCEA)) layers towards environmental pH changes.…”

Section: Ph-responsive Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 summarizes the pH-responsive materials used in 3D printing and their proposed applications. [136] poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), poly(2carboxyethylacrylate) (PCEA) SLA Gripper, Actuator [138] Collagen, Alginate DIW Tissue engineering [139] Collagen, methacrylated Gelatin (GelMA) Inkjet printing Tissue engineering [140]…”

Section: Ph-responsive Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%