Hierarchical Artificial Compound Eyes with Wide Field-of-View and Antireflection Properties Prepared by Nanotip-Focused Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing

Su, Shijie; Liang, Junsheng; Li, Xiaojian; Xin, Wenwen; Ye, Xushi; Xiao, Junhua; Xu, Jun; Chen, Li; Yin, Penghe

doi:10.1021/acsami.1c17436

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In this work, Papolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS Dow-Corning, Sylgard-184, USA, 1:10 curing agent weight ratio, viscosity: 3500 mPa s), [36][37][38][39][40] NOA61 UV-curable adhesive (Norland, viscosity: 300 mPa s), and NOA65 UV-curable adhesive (Norland, viscosity: 1200 mPa s) were chosen as printing inks. [41,42] Mixed solutions of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were also used to carry out the experiments. [43]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate‐Independent Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing with Dual‐Ring Electrostatic Focusing Structure

Liang

Xiao

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Therefore, it has been widely used in the manufacturing of transistors, [4][5][6] micro/nano sensors, [7,8] flexible electronics, [9][10][11][12][13] and biomaterials, [14][15][16][17][18] etc. The E-Jet printing is a "pull" processing that uses an extra electric field to significantly improve resolution. When an appropriate electrical potential is applied to the extraction electrode at the outlet of a nozzle, a jet with a stable shape (Taylor cone) will be formed as a result of the balance of the electric field force, surface tension force, and gravity force. Different E-Jet printing modes (e.g., dropon-demand E-Jet, direct-writing E-Jet, and electrospray) can be realized by carefully adjusting the ink flux, the standoff height (nozzle-to-substrate distance), and the applied voltage, relying on a stable electrostatic field between the nozzle and the substrate. However, the E-Jet printing is hard to be applied in curved substrates due to the unstable electric field distribution caused by the variation of standoff height. Some scholars were concerned about this issue. Seong and his colleagues built the experimental setup to maintain a uniform electric field strength by implementing 3D movements of the nozzle to keep a constant standoff height during the printing. [19] Nevertheless, it is still difficult to control the jet with precision and consistency because the direction of the electric field varies with the relative position of the nozzle-substrate.In addition to curved substrates, the conductivity of the substrate is also an important factor affecting the E-Jet printing. Substrates with good electrical conductivity are often chosen because they can quickly direct residual charges away from the deposited droplets, thus improving the accuracy of the printed structures. In comparison, insulating substrates can severely degrade printing accuracy and resolution, and even interrupt the follow-on printing behavior. [20][21][22][23][24] That is because the polarization of the substrate under a strong electric field and the charge accumulation of the deposited droplets can change the electric field distribution between the substrate and the nozzle. Researchers have proposed ways to improve printing accuracy on insulating substrates. Dong and his coworkers presented an AC-pulse modulated E-Jet printing technology that can alternate the charge polarity of the consequent droplets to neutralize the residue charge on the substrate, which enables high-resolution printing of continuous patterns. [25] Wang et al. improved Electrohydrodynamic jet (E-Jet) printing is one of the most effective methods for fabricating micro/nanostructures due to its high-resolution, broad material adaptability, and simple process. However, printing high-resolution patterns on curved or insulated substrates still is of a great challenge because it is quite difficult to keep the electric field distribution stable between the nozzle and the substrate during the printing process. To address these issues, a dual-ring electrostatic focused electrohydro...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substrate‐Independent Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing with Dual‐Ring Electrostatic Focusing Structure

Liang

Xiao

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…After printing on the substrate, the UV-curable polymer structure was exposed to 365 nm UV light (Powerarc UV100, 140 W, Rolence Enterprises Inc., Taiwan). The microstructures were completely solidified after UV exposure for 20 s. These materials with different viscosities selected in this experiment are widely used in micro/nanodevices with different functions, such as microlens, artificial compound eyes, etc.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Patterned Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing Using Orthogonal Deflection Electrodes

Li,

Liang,

Xiao

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Electrohydrodynamic jet (E-Jet) printing technology provides unmatched advantages in the fabrication of patterned micro/nanostructures. However, the rapid jets generated during printing can lead to localized droplet accumulation on complex structures due to the relatively slow motion control achieved with motorized translation stages, resulting in distorted patterns. To address this challenge, we introduce two jet-deflecting electrodes orthogonally placed on each other, which can rapidly change the electric field in the vicinity of the jet and thus flexibly adjust the flight trajectory of the fast jet to avoid the region where droplets have been deposited. In this way, the jet droplets are precisely controlled to generate high-fidelity microstructures with arbitrary predefined patterns on the stationary substrate. The maximum deflection distance of the jet droplets reaches several hundred microns. Furthermore, the positioning error of the printed structure is less than 3%. Moreover, we successfully obtained a diverse range of complex patterns by combining this technique with stage motion. This innovative printing technology not only enables the fabrication of complex patterned structures with high fidelity but also opens up exciting possibilities for new applications that require complete control of fast droplet positioning.

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“…Furthermore, NOA61 UV‐curable adhesive has garnered significant attention in research and applications due to its long storage period, solvent‐free nature, fast curing speed, and exceptional transparency. It finds wide‐ranging applications in micro/nanodevices incorporating various functional materials, such as optical components, [ 32 ] artificial compound eyes, [ 33 ] etc. Table 1 provides a description of the physical properties of NOA61 UV‐curable adhesive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast Droplets Trajectories Modulation of Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing for Pattern Refinement Using Electrostatic Deflection

Li,

Zhu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Adv Materials Technologies

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Electrohydrodynamic jet (E‐Jet) printing is a highly promising non‐contact additive manufacturing technology. However, the fast jets generated by E‐Jet may cause droplet accumulation on small curvature features due to the slow motion control achieved by the mechanical stage, leading to a degradation of printed patterns in localized areas. Here, a method is proposed for ultrafast modulation of jet trajectories to achieve finely patterned E‐Jet printing by introducing jet‐deflecting electrodes around the jet, which can continuously transform the jet trajectory with lateral acceleration up to 104 ms−2. This extraordinary acceleration is two orders of magnitude higher than that can be achieved by using mechanical stage motion. Through a combination of numerical calculations and experiments, the effects of electric field parameters on the feature size and kinematic properties of jet droplets are investigated. In addition, deposition errors of <5 µm are fabricated by selecting appropriate working parameters and using UV‐curable adhesives as printing ink. Subsequently, complex micropatterns with feature curvatures <4 µm are successfully printed, demonstrating the consistency and reliability of this electrostatic deflection technique in achieving a uniform droplet deposition pitch. This innovative approach holds significant promise in the field of high‐quality microscale additive manufacturing.

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Hierarchical Artificial Compound Eyes with Wide Field-of-View and Antireflection Properties Prepared by Nanotip-Focused Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Substrate‐Independent Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing with Dual‐Ring Electrostatic Focusing Structure

Substrate‐Independent Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing with Dual‐Ring Electrostatic Focusing Structure

Flexible Patterned Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing Using Orthogonal Deflection Electrodes

Ultrafast Droplets Trajectories Modulation of Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing for Pattern Refinement Using Electrostatic Deflection

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