Hierarchical analysis of alloying element effects on gas nitriding rate of Fe alloys: A DFT, microkinetic and kMC study

Kang, Ku; Kwon, Soonho; Lee, Changsoo; Hong, Doosun; Lee, Hyuck Mo

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2019.05.039

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…According to the different types of elements, surface-active penetrating agents can be divided into two categories: One is the alloying elements (Me), mainly Ni, C, Ti, B, and other elements. The difference in N affinity between alloying elements and Fe is used to control the characteristics of the gas nitrided layer, thereby obtaining an excellent nitrided layer with thin compound layer; a thick, effective hardened layer; high hardness; and high toughness [133][134][135]. The other is rare-earth elements (Re).…”

Section: Accelerating Nitriding Mechanism Of Surface-active Catalytic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review—Effect of Accelerating Methods on Gas Nitriding: Accelerating Mechanism, Nitriding Behavior, and Techno-Economic Analysis

Zhou,

Xia,

Xie

et al. 2023

Coatings

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Gas nitriding, as a surface modification technology to improve the wear resistance of workpiece surfaces, is widely used in wind turbine gears, pressure vessel gears, high-precision die casting abrasives, and other areas. However, the gas nitriding time is too long, reaching 40–60 h, which reduces the efficiency of nitriding and hinders the development of gas nitriding. Therefore, various accelerating methods are born accordingly. This review first introduces the basic principle, microstructure, and process parameters of conventional gas nitriding. Then, five common accelerating methods are summarized: process parameter optimization, surface mechanical nano-crystallization, surface-active catalysis, surface pre-oxidation, and surface laser treatment. Then, the effect of acceleration methods on gas nitriding is analyzed for the acceleration mechanism, nitriding behavior, and nitriding efficiency. Finally, the technical economy of the acceleration methods is compared for three aspects: energy consumption, carbon dioxide emission, and cost. And, the technical maturity of the acceleration methods is compared according to technology readiness level (TRL) technology. Based on the above content, the advantages and disadvantages of the five accelerating methods are reviewed, and the concept of a multi-technology collaborative processing acceleration method is proposed.

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Section: Accelerating Nitriding Mechanism Of Surface-active Catalytic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review—Effect of Accelerating Methods on Gas Nitriding: Accelerating Mechanism, Nitriding Behavior, and Techno-Economic Analysis

Zhou,

Xia,

Xie

et al. 2023

Coatings

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“…22 In order to find the possibilities to increase the rate of nitriding, DFT studies have been carried out to investigate the nature of the iron surface alloying process and the effect of the iron surface alloying process on nitriding with ammonia NH. 23 The surface microhardness parameter is also important during nitriding, and researchers have experimentally studied the effect of diffusion saturation parameters on steel microhardness. 24 Local distortions in the enrichment of surface layers with nitrogen and the effect on structural stability and magnetic properties play an important role in understanding the properties of surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nitriding effect on the stability and mechanical properties of the iron titan phase: first-principles investigation

Ishkildin,

Kistanov,

Izosimov

et al. 2023

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…Over the years, a high amount of scientific and engineering expertise has been developed on the application of nitriding treatments to steels. [ 24–30 ] Deriving from this knowledge, it is convenient to apply nitriding treatments to steel powders (containing strong nitride forming elements such as Al) to realize precipitation of alloying element nitrides in the entire powder particle (i.e., not limited to the surface only). The authors have recently demonstrated such a powder nitriding process for Fe‐2.3 wt% Al (Fe‐4.6 at% Al) alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitride Dispersion Strengthened Steel Development after Sintering of Nitrided Fe‐4.6 at% Al Alloy Powder

Yadav

Kürnsteiner

Jägle

et al. 2021

steel research int.

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The development of a composite microstructure with hard aluminum nitrides (AlN) dispersed in a soft ferritic iron‐based solid is achieved through the powder metallurgy route. Fe‐4.6 at% Al alloy powders subjected to two different thermochemical treatments viz. nitriding and nitriding followed by hydrogen reduction are consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 900 °C. The final sintered microstructure is characterized with the help of optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy along with X‐ray diffraction for detailed phase analysis. The microstructures of the nitrided and sintered compacts are observed to be significantly affected by two factors: 1) presence of oxide phases on the surface of the powder particles before SPS and 2) evolution of nitrogen gas due to dissociation of iron nitrides during sintering. These result in a very complicated microstructure. However, for nitrided powders, performing a hydrogen reduction step before SPS lead to a microstructure composed of precipitation‐hardened particle cores due to dispersion of nanosized AlN precipitates, with a soft, ferritic interparticle region. This composite microstructure achieved through the powder metallurgy route, which can be finely tuned by controlling the nitriding, oxidation, and sintering parameters, is envisioned to be greatly beneficial for several engineering applications such as automotive components.

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Hierarchical analysis of alloying element effects on gas nitriding rate of Fe alloys: A DFT, microkinetic and kMC study

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

A Review—Effect of Accelerating Methods on Gas Nitriding: Accelerating Mechanism, Nitriding Behavior, and Techno-Economic Analysis

A Review—Effect of Accelerating Methods on Gas Nitriding: Accelerating Mechanism, Nitriding Behavior, and Techno-Economic Analysis

The nitriding effect on the stability and mechanical properties of the iron titan phase: first-principles investigation

Nitride Dispersion Strengthened Steel Development after Sintering of Nitrided Fe‐4.6 at% Al Alloy Powder

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