Hidden drivers of social injustice: uncovering unequal cultural ecosystem services behind green gentrification

Maia, Ana Terra Amorim; Calcagni, Fulvia; Connolly, James J. T.; Anguelovski, Isabelle; Langemeyer, Johannes

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2020.05.021

Cited by 59 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Procedural justice is fundamentally related to how the participation of various actors involved in GI or NbS projects is structured and conducted with the aim of producing spaces that meet the needs of communities effectively in a fair way (Haase et al, 2017;Amorim et al, 2020). Top-down GI or NbS projects, with limited involvement of diverse actors (mainly excluding disadvantaged communities) (Anguelovski et al, 2019), are widely recognized as directing the urban green agenda to the most privileged social groups (Toxopeus et al, 2020;Verheij and Nunes, 2020), thereby producing unequal distribution of environmental improvements within cities (Venter et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies are largely concerned with understanding the dynamics of valorization of a given urban area as a function of implementing a green amenity (Silva et al, 2018;Bockarjova et al, 2020;Shokry et al, 2020). Amorim et al (2020), with a focus on Barcelona, show how intangible values and features set by cultural ecosystem services increase the level of gentrification produced by a green amenity, noting that less gentrified parks placed more emphasis on social and cultural activities. Bockarjova et al (2020) identify a means of predicting market dynamics, establishing links between property values and different types of urban nature, to help overcome undesirable gentrification trends.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Greening and Just Cities: Elements for Fostering a South–North Dialogue Based on a Systematic Literature Review

Souza

Torres

2021

Front. Sustain. Cities

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The design and deployment of green amenities is a way to tackle cities' socio-environmental problems in the quest for urban sustainability. In this study, we undertake a systematic review of research published in international peer-reviewed journals that analyzes environmental justice issues within the context of the deployment of urban green amenities. Since most studies focus on the Global North, where this scholarship first emerged, our goal is to link the literature focused on the North and the South. This study aims to outline similarities and differences regarding the nexus of justice and the greening of cities in both contexts as well as to identify knowledge gaps in this scholarship in the Global South. “Green infrastructure” and “nature-based solutions,” as the leading concepts for cities' greening agendas, are used as descriptors in combination with “justice” and/or “green gentrification” in searches undertaken of two bibliographic databases. Our results show there is a need to better delineate a research agenda that addresses such issues in a heterogeneous Global South context while gaining insights from advances made by research on the Global North.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greening and Just Cities: Elements for Fostering a South–North Dialogue Based on a Systematic Literature Review

Souza

Torres

2021

Front. Sustain. Cities

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“…These examples are not intended to lessen the impact of such research, rather to note the need to address the supply and demand perspective as well as the environmental justice perspective together as two important and consistently missing dimensions in urban ecosystem services research. In contrast to the regulating services we examine here, several studies have focused on the justice aspects of cultural ES (Amorim Maia et al 2020, Łaszkiewicz and Sikorska 2020, Su arez et al 2020.…”

Section: Environmental Justice Of Ecosystem Services Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to the regulating services we examine here, several studies have focused on the justice aspects of cultural ES (Amorim Maia et al. 2020 , Łaszkiewicz and Sikorska 2020 , Suárez et al. 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping supply of and demand for ecosystem services to assess environmental justice in New York City

Herreros-Cantis

McPhearson

2021

Ecological Applications

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Livability, resilience, and justice in cities are challenged by climate change and the historical legacies that together create disproportionate impacts on human communities. Urban green infrastructure has emerged as an important tool for climate change adaptation and resilience given their capacity to provide ecosystem services such as local temperature regulation, stormwater mitigation, and air purification. However, realizing the benefits of ecosystem services for climate adaptation depend on where they are locally supplied. Few studies have examined the potential spatial mismatches in supply and demand of urban ecosystem services, and even fewer have examined supply–demand mismatches as a potential environmental justice issue, such as when supply–demand mismatches disproportionately overlap with certain socio‐demographic groups. We spatially analyzed demand for ecosystem services relevant for climate change adaptation and combined results with recent analysis of the supply of ecosystem services in New York City (NYC). By quantifying the relative mismatch between supply and demand of ecosystem services across the city we were able to identify spatial hot‐ and coldspots of supply–demand mismatch. Hotspots are spatial clusters of census blocks with a higher mismatch and coldspots are clusters with lower mismatch values than their surrounding blocks. The distribution of mismatch hot‐ and coldspots was then compared to the spatial distribution of socio‐demographic groups. Results reveal distributional environmental injustice of access to the climate‐regulating benefits of ecosystem services provided by urban green infrastructure in NYC. Analyses show that areas with lower supply–demand mismatch tend to be populated by a larger proportion of white residents with higher median incomes, and areas with high mismatch values have lower incomes and a higher proportion of people of color. We suggest that urban policy and planning should ensure that investments in “nature‐based” solutions such as through urban green infrastructure for climate change adaptation do not reinforce or exacerbate potentially existing environmental injustices.

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“…SCM implementation strategies in relation to Black and Hispanic/Latino residents may be paradoxical. Previous research has revealed that though greening methods can provide ecological, health, and social benefits, they can also increase housing costs and property values [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Scholars commonly refer to this phenomenon as “green gentrification”, the influx of wealthier new residents and outflux of low-income residents, often of racially/ethnically minoritized groups, where greening initiatives are implemented [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Displacement of Racially and Ethnically Minoritized Groups after the Installation of Stormwater Control Measures (i.e., Green Infrastructure): A Case Study of Washington, DC

Chan

Son

Bell

2021

IJERPH

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Stormwater control measures (SCMs) (i.e., green infrastructure) are advantageous methods of stormwater management. However, studies suggest that urban greening may be associated with gentrification, displacing racially/ethnically minoritized groups due to increased housing costs and loss of feelings of belonging. We studied displacement of racially/ethnically minoritized groups after SCM installation in Washington, DC. We compared the change in percentage of persons in racial/ethnic groups at the Census block group level with varying levels of SCM installation (i.e., area-weighted SCM count at 300 m buffer). We stratified findings by SCM type, pre-installation income, and SCM size. DC installed a higher density of SCMs in areas with a higher percentage of Black and/or Hispanic/Latino residents. Nonetheless, findings suggest SCM installation is associated with displacement of Black residents. The percentage of residents who are Black decreased by 2.2% [95% Confidence Interval: 1.7, 2.7] and 4.1% [95% Confidence Interval: 3.4, 4.8] after low and high levels of SCM installation, respectively. In turn, the change in percentage of residents who are White increased with increasing levels of SCM installation. Compared to ecological studies on SCMs, studies about social impacts are scarce. This research intends to help optimize SCM installations so more residents can enjoy their health, economic, and ecological benefits.

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Hidden drivers of social injustice: uncovering unequal cultural ecosystem services behind green gentrification

Cited by 59 publications

References 87 publications

Greening and Just Cities: Elements for Fostering a South–North Dialogue Based on a Systematic Literature Review

Greening and Just Cities: Elements for Fostering a South–North Dialogue Based on a Systematic Literature Review

Mapping supply of and demand for ecosystem services to assess environmental justice in New York City

Displacement of Racially and Ethnically Minoritized Groups after the Installation of Stormwater Control Measures (i.e., Green Infrastructure): A Case Study of Washington, DC

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