Hidden Dangers of Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Wasey, Waiz; Wasey, Neha; Manahil, Naila; Saleh, Sharefi; Mohammed, Asiya

doi:10.7759/cureus.21513

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…OSA is a breathing disorder characterized by the recurrent pharyngeal collapse of the upper airway leading to a decrease or a complete cessation of airflow [ 1 ]. These events occur despite an effort to breathe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraoral Neuromuscular Stimulation Device and Rapid Eye Movement-Dependent Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Wasey¹,

Manahil²,

Wasey³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep breathing disorder characterized by recurrent pharyngeal collapse secondary to the decreased tone of the pharyngeal dilator muscles. The genioglossus muscle is a major pharyngeal dilator responsible for maintaining the upper airway. Research has shown that patients with OSA have a stronger but less endurant genioglossus muscle. Research has also demonstrated that neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the skeletal muscles in the genioglossus was associated with improvement in muscular endurance and hence improvement in mild OSA. This has led to the development of a novel intraoral neuromuscular stimulation device for treating snoring and mild OSA. It is known that OSA is worse in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep compared to other stages of sleep due to neurologically mediated impairment of skeletal muscles. What has not been demonstrated so far is if the intraoral neuromuscular stimulation device improves the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in REM sleep. Our case report highlights the significant improvement of REM-dependent OSA in a middle-aged female with consistent use of an intraoral neuromuscular stimulation device marketed as eXciteOSA® (Signifier Medical Technologies,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by a decrease or complete cessation of airflow despite an effort to breathe [ 1 ]. The cessation of airflow is secondary to recurrent pharyngeal collapse as a result of decreased tone of the pharyngeal dilator muscles [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoral Neuromuscular Stimulation Device and Rapid Eye Movement-Dependent Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Wasey¹,

Manahil²,

Wasey³

et al. 2022

Cureus

Self Cite

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“…A comprehensive mapping of searches conducted, and the resources obtained via each can be found in the appendix, with an overview of these using a modified PRISMA flow (Figure 1), created with a modification of the R PRISMAStatement package (Wasey, 2016(Wasey, /2022.…”

Section: Searches Conductedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is that a Guideline? Addressing Learning in Ethics Guidelines Through a PRISMA-ETHICS informed Scoping Review of Guidelines

Knight

2024

Preprint

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Objectives: There have been recent calls for new ethics guidelines regarding the use of artificial intelligence in research. How should we go about developing such ethics guidance documents with respect to emerging contexts such as new technologies, and established domains such as research in education? This paper provides a PRISMA-ETHICS informed scoping review of approaches to ethics guideline development, the structures of ethics guidelines, and their audiences and purposes particularly in the context of education and AI.Search and synthesis approach: A broad search of scholarly and grey literature was conducted to identify both ethics guidelines and material discussing their development; n = 592 distinct items were identified, including 182 that identified via recent reviews of AI ethics guidelines. n = 47 guideline-sets were identified as meeting our criteria as ‘guidelines’.Data extraction and analysis: Guidelines were analysed with respect to their development approach, audience and purpose, and structural elements through which guidance is delivered; most included statements regarding their development approach (79%) and audience (72%) typically in 1-2 paragraphs in the introduction. Where evidence underpinning the guidance was discussed, it was largely at a global content level (69%), rather than with respect to the specific context/domain of the guideline use, principles drawn on, or approaches and strategies one might adopt in navigating ethical issues (23, 29, and 21% respectively). Consultation with stakeholders and experts were the most common forms of evidence. Across the guidelines there are commonalities in the majority including: an overview statement of the topic, audience, and guideline purpose; an indication of rights or license describing reuse conditions; an overview of the ethical concepts and their detailed elaboration; challenging cases or edge issues; and approaches or strategies one might adopt to navigate these. However, only the first element (overview) was present in all guidelines, a finding born out in the further analysis of items relating specifically to AI and education. Recommendations regarding the development of ethics guidelines, and their structure are provided.Funding: The work was supported through internal funding providing release of the author’s time.Systematic review registration: The review was not pre-registered.

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“…Throughout the night, cycles of sleep, snoring, obstruction, arousal, and sleep occur. Some patients with severe apnea may have 100 or more episodes of upper airway obstruction in one hour [8]. Excessive daytime sleepiness in patients with OSA is most likely caused by multiple arousals and sleep fragmentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Blockage and Academic Performance Among Medical College Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Alshehri¹,

Hakami²,

Gadi³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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The most frequent otolaryngological complaint is nasal obstruction. We aimed to determine if there is a relationship between nasal blockage and academic performance among medical college students in Saudi Arabia. MethodsThis cross-sectional survey carried out from August to December 2022, included 860 medical students determining the risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on the participants using the Berlin Sleep Questionnaire Risk Probability, then comparing it to their socio-demographic characteristics, while the Chisquare test was used for the comparison of categorical variables. ResultThe average age of the participants in our study was 21.52 years; 60% were females and 40% were males. The risk of obstructive sleep apnea was found to be two times higher in females than in males (95% CI: 1.195-3.345; p-value 0.008). The hypertensive participants had a 27-fold increased risk of OSA compared to nonhypertensives. Grade Point Average (GPA) and snoring had a statistically significant relationship, however, a fifth of the participants reported snoring (79.8% reported not snoring). We also found that 14.8% of the participants with snoring had a GPA between 2-4.49 compared to 44.6% of participants without snoring. ConclusionFemale students had a two-fold higher chance of developing OSA than males. While a GPA of 4.5 and above was more often associated with participants without snoring, the number of individuals with a GPA of 2-4.49 was greater among participants with snoring. To aid in the prevention of illness complications and the management of risk factors, additional efforts should be made to increase disease knowledge among students, primary healthcare practitioners, and specialty doctors.

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Hidden Dangers of Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Intraoral Neuromuscular Stimulation Device and Rapid Eye Movement-Dependent Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Intraoral Neuromuscular Stimulation Device and Rapid Eye Movement-Dependent Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Is that a Guideline? Addressing Learning in Ethics Guidelines Through a PRISMA-ETHICS informed Scoping Review of Guidelines

Nasal Blockage and Academic Performance Among Medical College Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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