Hick’s law for choice reaction time: A review

Proctor, Robert W.; Schneider, Darryl W.

doi:10.1080/17470218.2017.1322622

Cited by 84 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…We observed a logarithmic increase between the number of possible targets and reaction times, which is similar to the ''Hick's''-effect (Hick, 1952;Proctor & Schneider, 2017). But there is also evidence that saccades do not follow this rule: the ''anti-Hicks'' effect (Lawrence, 2010;Lawrence, St John, Abrams, & Snyder, 2008).…”

Section: Evidence Accumulation With Multiple Targetssupporting

confidence: 56%

Probing the temporal dynamics of the exploration–exploitation dilemma of eye movements

2018

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When scanning a visual scene, we are in a constant decision process regarding whether to further exploit the information content at the current fixation or to go on and explore the scene. The balance of these two processes determines the distribution of fixation durations. Using a gaze-contingent paradigm, we experimentally interrupt this process to probe its state. Here, we developed a guided-viewing task where only a single 3° aperture of an image ("bubble") is displayed. Subjects had to fixate the bubble for an experimentally controlled time (forced fixation time). Then, the previously fixated bubble disappeared, and one to five bubbles emerged at different locations. The subjects freely selected one of these by performing a saccade toward it. By repeating this procedure, the subjects explored the image. We modeled the resulting saccadic reaction times (choice times) from bubble offset to saccade onset using a Bayesian linear mixed model. We observed an exponential decay between the forced fixation time and the choice time: Short fixation durations elicited longer choice times. In trials with multiple bubbles, the choice time increased monotonically with the number of possible future targets. Additionally, we found only weak influences of the saccade amplitude, low-level stimulus properties, and saccade angle on the choice times. The exponential decay of the choice times suggests that the sampling and processing of the current stimulus were exhausted for long fixation durations, biasing toward faster exploration. This observation also shows that the decision process took into account processing demands at the current fixation location.

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Section: Evidence Accumulation With Multiple Targetssupporting

confidence: 56%

Probing the temporal dynamics of the exploration–exploitation dilemma of eye movements

2018

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“…Information theory spurred the cognitive revolution (Hick, 1952;Hyman, 1953;Miller, 1956), and although it was roundly criticized (see Proctor & Schneider, 2018), we think it has descriptive value useful for characterizing the structure in big data turning the next revolution (Griffiths, 2015). Our demonstration of correspondence between instance theory (Logan, 1988) and measures of uncertainty adds to the process models capable of accounting for uncertainty mediated phenomena (for a review see, Proctor & Schneider, 2018), and offers principled and falsifiable predictions for future work. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Figure 5 .…”

Section: Broader Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Instance theory predicts information theory: Episodic uncertainty as a determinant of keystroke dynamics

Crump¹,

Lai²,

Brosowsky³

2018

Preprint

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How does prior experience shape skilled performance in structured environments? We use skilled typing of natural text to evaluate correspondence between performance (keystroke timing) and structure in the environment (letter uncertainty). We had ~350 typists copy-type english text. We reproduced Ostry's (1983) analysis of interkeystroke interval as a function of letter position and word length, that showed prominent first-letter and mid-word slowing effects. We propose a novel account that letter position and word length effects on keystroke dynamics reflect informational uncertainty about letters in those locations, rather than resource limited planning/buffering processes. We computed positional uncertainty for letters in all positions of words from length one to nine using Google's n-gram database. We show that variance in inter-keystroke interval by letter position and word length tracks natural variation in letter uncertainty. Finally, we provide a model showing how a general learning and memory process could acquire sensitivity to patterns of letter uncertainty in natural english. In doing so, we draw an equivalence between Logan's (1988) instance theory of automatization and Shannon's measure of entropy (H) from information theory. Instance theory's predictions for automatization as a function of experience follow exactly the uncertainty in the choice set being automatized. As a result, instance theory stands as a general process model explaining how context-specific experiences in a structured environment tune skilled performance.

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“…The theoretical framework used to support the creation of these digital pathways was Hick’s law. Hick’s law as applied to mobile application development focuses on reducing the number of decisions a user must make in order to reach the final end-point 23. In reducing the physical time spent making those decisions, the goal was to help providers reach needed information more efficiently than other methods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical pathways on a mobile device

Barrett

Turner

Silva

et al. 2019

BMJ EBM

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Clinical pathways have been successfully implemented in the primary care setting in New Zealand, Australia and the UK. Despite wide adoption and decreased costs, these pathways have yet to translate evidence into clinical practice while also saving providers time—an important barrier for the translation of evidence at the point of care. The goal of this project was to determine if future development of a point-of-care mobile application should be undertaken with design principles using the theoretical framework of Hick’s law. Three new-to-practice providers participated in three plan-do-study-act cycles using these pathways installed on mobile devices to determine if they were a feasible, efficient and useful method to implement evidence. The project was a success with all three participants wishing to continue using the pathways after project completion. Participants felt the digital clinical pathways were the next evolution of the popular UpToDate software platform and helped them apply the latest evidence better than other available tools. While these results are promising, there were also limitations. Participants felt the lack of chart integration coupled with time constraints made full integration challenging and suggested launching the platform using a variety of delivery systems. The project’s findings suggest that future application development using the developed design principles would be worth further consideration. If this mobile application ultimately proved successful, the application framework could be implemented on a larger scale, thus improving patient outcomes and saving providers time.

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Hick’s law for choice reaction time: A review

Cited by 84 publications

References 124 publications

Probing the temporal dynamics of the exploration–exploitation dilemma of eye movements

Probing the temporal dynamics of the exploration–exploitation dilemma of eye movements

Instance theory predicts information theory: Episodic uncertainty as a determinant of keystroke dynamics

Clinical pathways on a mobile device

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