Hibernal Habitat Selection by Wood Frogs (<i>Lithobates sylvaticus</i>) in a Northern New England Montane Landscape

Groff, Luke A.; Calhoun, Aram J. K.; Loftin, Cynthia S.

doi:10.1670/15-131r1

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In Simulation 5, we modeled frogs at a 10 cm depth (below 5 cm of leaf litter and 5 cm of soil) based on depths reported in Maine (average 6.8 cm below litter 3.28 cm deep; Groff et al. ), where winter air temperatures are similar to the northern region of our study area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, our default frog hibernaculum depth was below 5 cm of leaf litter based on hibernacula depths reported in Connecticut (maximum of 3 cm below a leaf litter layer <10 cm thick; O'Connor and Rittenhouse 2016), where winter air temperatures are similar to the southern part of our study area. In Simulation 5, we modeled frogs at a 10 cm depth (below 5 cm of leaf litter and 5 cm of soil) based on depths reported in Maine (average 6.8 cm below litter 3.28 cm deep; Groff et al 2016), where winter air temperatures are similar to the northern region of our study area.…”

Section: Simulations Of Frogs Across the Midwestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, Dodd , Groff et al. ). Like many freeze‐tolerant species, wood frogs can survive freezing of up to approximately two‐thirds of their body water (Layne Jr. and Lee Jr. , Costanzo and Lee ) and rely on colligative cryoprotectants (glucose and urea) to prevent intracellular ice formation and dehydration (Storey and Storey , Costanzo and Lee ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) are a freezetolerant, subnivium-dwelling amphibian ranging from Alaska, USA, to the southern Appalachian Mountains (Dodd 2013). They overwinter in shallow forest soils, beneath leaf litter and debris (Regosin et al 2003, Baldwin et al 2006, Dodd 2013, Groff et al 2016. Like many freeze-tolerant species, wood frogs can survive freezing of up to approximately two-thirds of their body water (Layne Jr. andLee Jr. 1987, Costanzo and and rely on colligative cryoprotectants (glucose and urea) to prevent intracellular ice formation and dehydration Storey 1984, Costanzo andLee 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…found that wood frogs from Alaska and Ohio showed significantly different cryoprotectant responses to the same freezing regime when acclimated to the same conditions for the prior eight weeks. Wood frog survival in colder regions may be further enhanced by burrowing deeper into soil, for example, 3-13 cm below the leaf litter in Alaska (Larson et al 2014) and Maine (Groff et al 2016) vs. 3 cm or shallower in Connecticut (O'Connor and Rittenhouse 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the distribution of niche space and risk for a freeze‐tolerant ectotherm, Lithobates sylvaticus

et al. 2019

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Many animals depend on stable below‐the‐snow (subnivium) conditions to survive winter in seasonally cold regions. Freeze‐tolerant ectotherms may experience increased ice content and/or energy expenditure in suboptimal subnivium conditions, with implications for overwinter survival and body reserves available for spring reproduction. We used a novel mechanistic modeling approach to explore effects of winter climate on the microclimate conditions, energy expenditure, and ice dynamics of the freeze‐tolerant, subnivium‐dwelling wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) in the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes Basin region of the United States. We hypothesized that (1) frogs would experience the greatest energy cost to survive winter in southern regions of our study area, where air temperatures are warmer and shallower snow could allow for increased numbers of freeze–thaw cycles, and (2) frogs would be most vulnerable to lethal freezing in the cold, dry northwest portion of our study region. We found that total winter energy expenditure changed little with latitude because the effect of warmer soil temperatures (higher metabolic rates) to the south was offset by a shorter winter duration. Energy expenditures were greatest in the snowbelts of the Great Lakes, characterized by more persistent snow cover and relatively warm soil temperatures. In contrast, highest ice contents occurred in the northwest of the study region where air temperatures were coldest and snow was shallow. Thus, it appears that wood frogs experience a trade‐off between risk of lethal ice content and extensive use of body reserves across geographic space. Simulations showed that interpopulation differences in burrow depth and cryoprotectant concentration can influence risk of lethal ice content and overuse of body reserves prior to spring breeding, and those risks vary in relation to winter climate. Our mechanistic modeling approach is a novel tool for predicting risk and shifting niche space for cold‐adapted and subnivium‐dependent species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulations Of Frogs Across the Midwestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling the distribution of niche space and risk for a freeze‐tolerant ectotherm, Lithobates sylvaticus

et al. 2019

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Are the key welfare models effective for exotic pet animals?

Warwick,

Steedman,

Jessop

et al. 2024

Discov Anim

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The Five Freedoms, Five Domains, Five Welfare Needs, and other similar models or principles, are key aspirational or outcome-led frameworks aimed at safeguarding animals under human custodianship, and are widely used in legislation, guidance documents, and protocols. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of these animal welfare models as intended protections. Our study considered three informational tiers of relevance for guidance: Tier 1, key welfare models and principles governing legislation; Tier 2, formal secondary guidance; and Tier 3, welfare outcomes. We conducted a literature review of key welfare models, as well as reports of persistent animal welfare problems associated with exotic pets, and collated available examples of relevant legislation and their implementation. Of the 91 studied regions that adopted animal welfare models, the following were directly or closely aligned with: Five Freedoms n = 64, Five Welfare Needs n = 26, Five Domains n = 1. We identified the following numbers of welfare concerns for animals kept in trade and private home situations: invertebrates n = 21, fishes n = 27, amphibians n = 26, reptiles n = 43, birds n = 22, mammals n = 43. Despite the frequent adoption of one or other model or principle, animal welfare concerns and problems were regularly identified in relation to both commercial and home environments across all animal classes. We recommend that animal welfare is assigned priority over traditional pet selling or keeping practices through the adoption of modernised animal welfare models, underpinned by evolving scientific knowledge and precautionary principles, that aim to promote animal-centric preferred life quality.

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Post-breeding movement and habitat use by wood frogs along an Arctic–Subarctic ecotone

Bishir

Hossack

Fishback

et al. 2018

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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By altering essential micro-and macrohabitat conditions for many organisms, climate change is already causing disproportionately greater impacts on Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems. Yet there is a lack of basic information about many species in northern latitudes, including amphibians. We used radio telemetry to study the post-breeding movements and habitat use of wood frogs (Rana [=Lithobates] sylvatica) in the Hudson Bay Lowlands near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. We tracked fifty-seven frogs (thirty-five males, twenty-two females; mean duration = 16.8 d) from three wetlands during the summers of 2015 and 2016. The three wetlands were representative of the Arctic-Subarctic ecotone, with each wetland surrounded by different proportions of boreal forest and tundra. Our results indicate that at the landscape scale, movement distances increased with temperature, and all frogs spent more time in the tundra habitat than in boreal forests, relative to the availability of each habitat type. At the microhabitat scale (1 m 2 plots), frogs selected areas with greater amounts of standing water, sedge, and shrubs. These results provide information on terrestrial movement patterns and critical habitat data for northern populations of wood frogs in a Subarctic environment, which will aid in understanding how climate change will affect amphibians in this rapidly changing ecosystem.

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Hibernal Habitat Selection by Wood Frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in a Northern New England Montane Landscape

Cited by 7 publications

References 49 publications

Modeling the distribution of niche space and risk for a freeze‐tolerant ectotherm, Lithobates sylvaticus

Modeling the distribution of niche space and risk for a freeze‐tolerant ectotherm, Lithobates sylvaticus

Are the key welfare models effective for exotic pet animals?

Post-breeding movement and habitat use by wood frogs along an Arctic–Subarctic ecotone

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