Hezbollah as a Group Phenomenon: Differential Association Theory

Abstract

This article examines Hezbollah through the lens of differential association theory. The theory posits that violent behavior is cultivated in group interaction. One does not simply act alone but must learn from the tricks, successes, and failures of those who belong to one's group. In this analysis, the theory explains how Hezbollah has successfully managed to recruit new members and convince them to perpetrate terrorist attacks. The essence of any terrorist endeavor is communication among group members. As such, by interacting with one another, Hezbollah terrorists develop their combat skills and learn new tactics. Of particular importance in this analysis is the role of symbolism that forges a bond among group members. Whether it is through the Ashura procession (an annual Shi'ite commemorative ceremony), matams (religious sanctuaries that now serve as political and social gatherings), or calendar events such as World Jerusalem Day, potential Hezbollah members get to learn violent behavior by cultivating evil in groups.

Introduction to the special issue of the Journal of Criminological Research, Policy, and Practice: terrorism and political violence

“…Blazak, 2001), differential association theory (e.g. Armstrong and Matusitz, 2013), and other theoretical perspectives have already made significant contributions to the literature on radicalization and terrorism. Second, although terrorism is often treated as a “special” kind of offense, there is little evidence to suggest that its performance is different from the kinds of crime that are more typically explored by criminologists.…”