Hexanoic Acid-Induced Resistance Against Botrytis cinerea in Tomato Plants

Abstract

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Priming of Wheat with the Green Leaf Volatile Z-3-Hexenyl Acetate Enhances Defense against Fusarium graminearum But Boosts Deoxynivalenol Production

“…therein). For example, hexanoic acid, a molecule with a similar structure to GLVs, has been shown to act as a priming agent in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants against an infection by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, leading to a reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species in primed plants (Vicedo et al, 2009;Kravchuk et al, 2011;Finiti et al, 2014). Since the GLVs E-2-hexenal (E-2-HAL), Z-3-HOL, E-2-hexenol, and Z-3-HAC also have been reported to be emitted by perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) after infection with Fusarium poae (Panka et al, 2013) and by wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings after infection with Fusarium graminearum (Piesik et al, 2011), one may speculate that GLVs not only serve as a priming agent against the impending threat of herbivorous insects but rather constitute a general warning and priming mechanism against insects, bacteria, and fungi alike.…”

Estudio integral de los mecanismos de resistencia inducida. Inductores frente a estrés biótico y abiótico

“…The molecular basis of priming has recently started to be unraveled, but is still poorly understood. In recent years, our research group has focused on studying inducers of resistance, such as natural 6C monocarboxylic hexanoic acid (Hx), which displays effectiveness in tomato plants against necrotrophic fungi B. cinerea (Leyva et al, 2008;Vicedo et al, 2009). Treating the roots of 4-week-old plants with Hx at concentrations below 1 mM for 48 h prior to infection has been reported to significantly reduce disease incidence (Vicedo et al, 2009).…”

“…In Fortune Mandarin, Llorens et al (2013) have demonstrated that JA-signaling and callose priming are required for Hx-IR. Moreover, Hx treatment has been reported to protect tomato plants against hemi-biotrophic bacterium P.syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Vicedo et al, 2009). Recently, some studies have revealed that in this pathosystem, Hx treatment seems to counteract the negative effect of pathogen coronatine (COR), which requires JA-Ile on the SA pathway (Scalschi et al, 2013 (Britto and Kronzucker, 2002).…”

“…Being sessile organisms, plants have developed sophisticated acclimation and defence mechanisms to cope with different stress situations (Boyko and Kovalchuk, 2011;Bray et al, 2000;Reddy et al, 2011). These can be activated in the initial tissue exposed to (Kravchuk et al, 2011;Vicedo et al, 2009) andagainst Pst (Schalschi et al, 2013) as well as in citrus plants against the fungus Alternaria alternata (Llorens et al, 2013). The activation of defence or acclimation mechanisms in systemic nonchallenged tissues is normally termed systemic acquired resistance (SAR) -if the local stimuli is induced by virus, bacteria or fungior systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) -if the initial stimuli is an abiotic stress situation -and serves an important role in preventing further infection or damage to the entire plant (Baxter et al, 2014).…”

“…Among them, hexanoic acid (Hx) is a potent priming agent within a wide range of host plants and pathogens (Aranega et al, 2014). Treating roots of tomato plants with Hx protects them against necrotrophic fungi B. cinerea (Vicedo et al, 2009) and the hemibiotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato (Scalschi et al, 2013). Hx can early activate broad-spectrum defenses by inducing callose deposition, in addition to the SA and oxylipin pathways.…”