Hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) from fossil- vs. bio-based routes: an economic and life cycle assessment comparative study

Dros, Anne‐Berend; Larue, O.; Reimond, A.; Campo, Floryan De; Pera‐Titus, Marc

doi:10.1039/c5gc01549a

Cited by 60 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Besides being fully renewable, at the end of its proposed applications, rice husk can be still be used for generating energy or in different manufacturing sectors in accordance with the circular economy principles. Moreover, a bio-based routes for HMDA production has been recently reported, along with the corresponding Life Cycle Assessment 40 . On that respect, application of RH carriers in food sector would enable its use as fertilizer, medium for gardening, ruminant feed or source of fiber in pet foods.…”

Section: Preliminary Evaluation Of the Greenness Of Rh As Enzyme Carriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Large scale applications of immobilized enzymes call for sustainable and inexpensive solutions: rice husks as renewable alternatives to fossil-based organic resins

Corîci¹,

Ferrario

Pellis

et al. 2016

RSC Adv.

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Despite the extensive efforts of scientific community towards the development of a vast variety of immobilization methods, there is a limited number of immobilized biocatalysts used at industrial scale. Most often, cost issues prevent the transfer of methodologies to large scale but more recently also sustainability criteria are becoming increasingly relevant, so that petroleum based carriers for enzyme immobilization appear unsuitable for responding to new challenges of green and renewable chemistry. Here we report, for the first time, a preliminary overview of the potential of rice husk as carrier to be employed for both physical and covalent immobilization of enzymes. The data indicate that the chemical versatility of this lignocellulosic biomass, containing also silica, opens wide scenarios for optimizing different immobilization procedures requiring minimal pre-treatments and applicable to various enzymes and process conditions. The mechanical and chemical robustness of rice husk, along with its virtual unlimited availability worldwide, make this inexpensive natural matrix a promising candidate for replacing organic fossil-based carriers for enzyme immobilization.Computational construction of 3D models and surface analysis. Protein structures were visualized and recorded using the PyMOL software. The 3D-structures used for the hydrophobicity comparisons were retrieved from the PDB with the codes 1TCA for CaLB, 5DPF for Thermolysin and 4EQV for Invertase

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Section: Preliminary Evaluation Of the Greenness Of Rh As Enzyme Carriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Large scale applications of immobilized enzymes call for sustainable and inexpensive solutions: rice husks as renewable alternatives to fossil-based organic resins

Corîci¹,

Ferrario

Pellis

et al. 2016

RSC Adv.

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“…The acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation process of lignocellulosic biomass supplies appropriate alcohols like butanol, which can be readily oxidized to form butyraldehyde as intermediate for the TMP synthesis . Prominent members of bio‐based amine curing agents include diamines like hexamethylene and isophorone diamine as well as multifunctional aminoalcohols prepared by amination of bio‐based glycidylethers with ammonia …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[32][33][34][35][36] Prominent members of bio-based amine curing agents include diamines like hexamethylene and isophorone diamine as well as multifunctional aminoalcohols prepared by amination of bio-based glycidylethers with ammonia. [ 27,37 ] In spite of the surging number of publications relating to NIPU and polyhydroxyurethane chemistry, few reports address the production of NIPU foams. In the absence of isocyanate groups, NIPU does not enable foaming by liberation of CO 2 typical for isocyanate-based PU preparation in the presence of water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and Bio‐Based Nonisocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Foams

Blattmann

Lauth

Mülhaupt

2016

Macro Materials & Eng

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The amine cure of cyclic carbonate blends, derived from renewable resources and carbon dioxide, in the presence of a liquid fluorohydrocarbon as physical blowing agent with no ozone depletion potential, enables the facile tailoring of flexible bio‐based nonisocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) foams. Unlike conventional PU foams, neither isocyanates nor phosgene or aromatic amines are required as intermediates in NIPU foaming. Typically, rigid cyclic carbonates such as carbonated trimethylolpropane glycidylether (TMPGC) are blended together with the corresponding flexible cyclic carbonate such as ethoxylated TMPGC (EO‐TMPGC) which lowers monomer viscosity and reactivity. This is reflected by higher pot life and gelation times for the cure with hexamethylene diamine (HMDA), improving NIPU foam processing. With increasing EO‐TMPGC content, rigid TMPGC/HMDA‐NIPU foams are rendered flexible and soft, as verified by simultaneously declining storage modulus and glass transition temperature. In this NIPU foam family, the TMPGC/EO‐TMPGC (60 wt%/40 wt%) blend cured with HMDA in the presence of Solkane 365/227 affords flexible NIPU foams exhibiting low density, very good mechanical hysteresis, and tailored hardness, meeting the demands of various applications like automotive seating. Emission tests confirm the absence of critical compounds mentioned in the global automotive declarable substance list.

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“…In the present work, various diamines such as ethylenediamine (EDA), hexamethylene diamine (HMDA), isophorone diamine (IPDA) and Jeffamine (D230) were selected to react with the high carbonate content of gallic acid-based cyclic carbonate (compound 2) to form high cross-linked NIPU networks. Especially, hexamethylene diamine (HMDA), which could be produced from bio-based routes, provides a promising way to prepare full bio-based NIPU [47]. It has been reported that the reactions of amines with ester function of cyclic carbonate, resulting in a side reaction with the formation of amide groups, and the side reaction was strongly affected by the temperature of polymerization [11,48].…”

Section: Fig 4 Ft-ir Spectra Of Nipu(1) Prepared At Different Tempermentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and properties of POSS-containing gallic acid-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes coatings

Liu

Chen

et al. 2015

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) from fossil- vs. bio-based routes: an economic and life cycle assessment comparative study

Abstract: A series of biobased routes are critically scrutinized for the production of hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) using 5-hydroxymethylene furfural (HMF) as intermediate building block.

Cited by 60 publications

References 28 publications

Large scale applications of immobilized enzymes call for sustainable and inexpensive solutions: rice husks as renewable alternatives to fossil-based organic resins

Large scale applications of immobilized enzymes call for sustainable and inexpensive solutions: rice husks as renewable alternatives to fossil-based organic resins

Flexible and Bio‐Based Nonisocyanate Polyurethane (NIPU) Foams

Synthesis and properties of POSS-containing gallic acid-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes coatings

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