Hexagonal Shaped Near Zero Index (NZI) Metamaterial Based MIMO Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Application

Al‐Bawri, Samir Salem; Islam, Mohammad Tariqul; Shabbir, Tayyab; Muhammad, Ghulam; Islam, Md. Shabiul; Wong, H.Y.

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3028377

Cited by 56 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“… Ref Year Electrical dimension (λ × λ) No. of resonances Covering bands EMR Applications 47 2020 0.076λ × 0.076λ 4 C, S and X-bands 13.6 Microwave (proposed) 21 2020 0.116λ × 0.116λ 2 X and S-bands 8.4 Microwave (proposed) 22 2019 0.125λ × 0.125λ 1 C-band 8 Microwave (proposed) 30 2020 0.124λ × 0.1244λ 3 C, X and Ku-bands 8.03 Satellite communications (proposed) 27 2019 0.256λ × 0.256λ 1 S-band 3.95 Glucose sensing 24 2020 0.373λ × 0.825λ 1 X-band 1.2 Liquid chemical detection 20 2020 0.05λ × 0.085λ 1 C-band 11.75 Improve antenna gain 48 2...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inductively tuned modified split ring resonator based quad band epsilon negative (ENG) with near zero index (NZI) metamaterial for multiband antenna performance enhancement

Moniruzzaman

Islam

Misran

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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An inductively tuned modified split-ring resonator-based metamaterial (MTM) is presented in this article that provides multiple resonances covering S, C, X, and Ku-bands. The MTM is designed on an FR-4 substrate with a thickness of 1.5 mm and an electrical dimension of 0.063λ × 0.063λ where wavelength, λ is calculated at 2.38 GHz. The resonator part is a combination of three squared copper rings and one circular ring in which all the square rings are modified shaped, and the inner two rings are interconnected. The resonance frequency is tuned by adding inductive metal strips in parallel two vertical splits of the outer ring that causes a significant shift of resonances towards the lower frequencies and a highly effective medium ratio (EMR) of 15.75. Numerical simulation software CST microwave studio is used for the simulation and performance analysis of the proposed unit cell. The MTM unit cell exhibits six resonances of transmission coefficient (S21) at 2.38, 4.24, 5.98, 9.55, 12.1, and 14.34 GHz covering S, C, X, and Ku-bands with epsilon negative (ENG), near-zero permeability, and near-zero refractive index (NZI). The simulated result is validated by experiment with good agreement between them. The performance of the array of the unit cells is also investigated in both simulation and measurement. The equivalent circuit modeling has been accomplished using Advanced Design Software (ADS) that shows a similar S21 response compared to CST simulation. Noteworthy to mention that with the copper backplane, the same unit cell provides multiband absorption properties with four major absorption peaks of 99.6%, 95.7%, 99.9%, 92.7% with quality factors(Q-factor) of 28.4, 34.4, 23, and 32 at 3.98, 5.5, 11.73 and 13.47 GHz, respectively which can be applied for sensing and detecting purposes. The application of an array of the unit cells is investigated using it as a superstrate of an antenna that provides a 73% (average) increase of antenna gain. Due to its simple design, compact dimension with high EMR, ENG property with near-zero permeability, this multiband NZI metamaterial can be used for microwave applications, especially for multiband antenna gain enhancement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inductively tuned modified split ring resonator based quad band epsilon negative (ENG) with near zero index (NZI) metamaterial for multiband antenna performance enhancement

Moniruzzaman

Islam

Misran

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…MTMs help control the antenna array's radiation beam while maintaining the low profile structure [96]. Also, these materials improved the isolation [97], [98], and the isolation and the gain [99] of MIMO antennas. Furthermore, the beam switching and gain enhancement-based MTMs were implemented for single antenna [100] and array antenna [101].…”

Section: Source Of Electromagnetic Rays (An Antenna)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Planar Antenna Loading Metamaterials for Gain Performance Enhancement: The Two Decades of Progress

2022

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Metamaterials (MTMs) are artificially engineered materials with unique electromagnetic properties not occurring in natural materials. MTMs have gained considerable attention owing to their exotic electromagnetic characteristics such as negative permittivity and permeability, thereby a negative refraction index. These extraordinary properties enable many practical applications such as super-lenses, and cloaking technology, and are used to design different electromagnetic devices like filters, polarization converters, sensors, and absorbers. Advances in MTMs have made new application fields to emerge in communication subsystems, especially in the field of antennas. MTMs are usually arranged in front or above the radiating element, or incorporated in the same substrate to improve the performance of planar antennas, in terms of improving directivity, gain, bandwidth, and efficiency, reducing the size and mutual coupling, and deflecting the radiation characteristics. High gain antennas are demanded in modern wireless communication systems. Their importance is in improving the signal strength by reducing the interference and alleviating the free space path loss. This review paper provides a brief introduction to MTMs, with the focus on their operating principles. Furthermore, a detailed study of antenna gain enhancement based on the various properties of MTMs is carried out. MTMs with low values of constitutive parameters; zero-index material (ZIM), lowindex material (LIM), epsilon-near-zero (ENZ), and mu-near-zero (MNZ) are discussed in detail in the context of their capability to enhance the gain of a broad class of planar antennas. The low impedance property and lensing property, which is achieved by three different characteristics: high refractive index (HRI), gradient refractive index (GRIN), and negative refractive index (NRI) materials, are loaded to planar antennas for gain enhancement. The scope of this review has been limited to antennas that were experimentally validated in the respective source papers.INDEX TERMS Metamaterials (MTMs), gain enhancement, low impedance MTM, MTM lens, planar antennas, ZIM.

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“…A 3 × 3 array of unit cells is implemented [9,10] to enhance the channel bandwidth from 25 GHz to 30 GHz which is in a millimeter-wave range. Here the substrate is loaded with compact planar metamaterial [13].…”

Section: Design Of Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter-Wave Reconfigurable Antenna for 5g Wireless Communications

Bandi¹,

Murugan²,

Madhav³

et al. 2021

PIER Letters

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In the present day scenario, the need for 5G technology is increasing daily, so we design a reconfigurable antenna working in the millimeter-wave range (25 GHz-30 GHz). The antenna is designed using HFSS software, and the antenna is loaded with compact planar metamaterial. This design includes 9 unit cells arranged in a 3 × 3 array, and each unit cell is made up of a hexagonal patch surrounded by a split ring resonator. Apart from this two unit cells are connected using pin diodes. By operating these two pin diodes in different modes, we get four different characteristics. The designed antenna radiates at 27 GHz with a gain of 2.6 dB to 4 dB. The designed antenna is compact and easy to fabricate with dimensions of 30 mm × 23 mm.

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Hexagonal Shaped Near Zero Index (NZI) Metamaterial Based MIMO Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Application

Cited by 56 publications

References 36 publications

Inductively tuned modified split ring resonator based quad band epsilon negative (ENG) with near zero index (NZI) metamaterial for multiband antenna performance enhancement

Inductively tuned modified split ring resonator based quad band epsilon negative (ENG) with near zero index (NZI) metamaterial for multiband antenna performance enhancement

Overview of Planar Antenna Loading Metamaterials for Gain Performance Enhancement: The Two Decades of Progress

Millimeter-Wave Reconfigurable Antenna for 5g Wireless Communications

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