Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide

Campanelli, Anna Rita; Scaramuzza, L.

doi:10.1107/s0108270186092193

Cited by 66 publications

(73 citation statements)

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“…This arrangement leaves space to pronounced interdigitation of the methyl groups by preserving a low charge density on its polar surface owing to the large bulkiness of the apolar benzylic quaternized nitrogen group and the apolar phenyl group and enables strong apolar interactions with the stacked benzene rings and π-alkyl interactions. The arrangement of the ionic groups close to the quaternized nitrogen, the anions and the water molecules located in the interstitial spaces of the crystalline Bzth-X salts is significantly different from those determined for the hexadecylpyridinium chloride, 48 the dodecylpyridinium chloride 45,46 and for the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and chloride 44,48 because the oxygens of the ether groups are significantly involved in Coulombic interactions in the molecular salts. The halides, the citrate ions and the water molecules are located between the apolar residues of the Bzth-molecule and stabilized by hydrogen bonding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…4), a similar geometry is found for the bromide anion. The shortest van der Waals distance between N(1) · · · Cl(1) amounts to 4.038(7) Å, the longest van der Waals distance is 5.384(3) Å, considerable longer than 3.451 Å for the distance between the aromatic quaternized nitrogen found in the structures of hexadecylpyridinium chloride hydrate, 43 hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, 44,45 and other N-cationic surfactants. [46][47][48][49][50] The corresponding values for the van der Waals distances between N(1) · · · Br are 4.196 (7) Å (Fig.…”

Section: A Structure Of the Hydrated Bzth Halide Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two important bond angles, C(10) -N(1) -C(11) and C(11) -N(1) -C(19) are also considerably smaller than for the ones found for other crystal structures of N quaternized lipids or surfactants. [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50] The nearest neighbors of Cl -or Br -are four oxygens within a range of 3.6 Å -4.5 Å, two methylene groups and two hydrogen groups located at C(7) (Figs. 3 and 4).…”

Section: A Structure Of the Hydrated Bzth Halide Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the anions on the N-cationic benzethonium salts in the solid state and solution: Chloride, bromide, hydroxide and citrate hydrates

Paradies

Reichelt

2016

AIP Advances

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The crystal structures of the hydrated cationic surfactant benzethonium (Bzth) chloride, bromide, hydroxide, and citrate have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and compared with their structures in solution well above their critical micelle concentration. The differences in the nature of the various anions of the four Bzth-X materials lead to unique anion environments and 3-D molecular arrangements. The water molecule in the monoclinic Bzth-Cl or Bzth-Br forms is hydrogen bonded to the halides and particularly to the hydrogens of the methoxy groups of the Bzth moiety notwithstanding the weak Brønsted acidity of the methoxy hydrogens. The citrate strongly interacts with the hydrogens of the methoxy group forming an embedded anionic spherical cluster of a radius of 2.6 Å. The Bzth-OH crystallizes in a hexagonal lattice with two water molecules and reveals free water molecules forming hydrogen bonded channels through the Bzth-OH crystal along the c-axis. The distances between the cationic nitrogen and the halides are 4.04 Å and 4.20 Å, significantly longer than expected for typical van der Waals distances of 3.30 Å. The structures show weakly interacting, alternating apolar and polar layers, which run parallel to the crystallographic a-b planes or a-c planes. The Bzth-X salts were also examined in aqueous solution containing 20% (v/v) ethanol and 1.0 % (v/v) glycerol well above their critical micelle concentration by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The [1,1,1] planes for the Bzth Cl or Br, the [0,0,2] and [1,1,0] planes for the Bzth-citrate, the [2,-1,0] planes and the [0,0,1] planes for the Bzth-OH found in the crystalline phase were also present in the solution phase, accordingly, the preservation of these phases are a strong indication of periodicity in the solution phase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: A Structure Of the Hydrated Bzth Halide Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Structure Of the Hydrated Bzth Halide Saltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of the anions on the N-cationic benzethonium salts in the solid state and solution: Chloride, bromide, hydroxide and citrate hydrates

Paradies

Reichelt

2016

AIP Advances

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“…On the other hand, the sharp peak at around 0.25 ¡ ¹1 observed at 15°C can be attributed to the hydrated solid. 11 In fact, previous reports indicated that there is a strong correlation between the surfactant self-assembly and the diameter of gold nanorods, with the curvature of the surfactant bilayer on the surface of the nanorods determining their diameter. 12 If the equilibrium phase of a surfactant solution affects the resulting nanorod length, the long-axis length might change drastically at around 20°C.…”

Section: Au Ion + Htab Micelle Complex Of a Au Ion And An Htab Micellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of the Long-axis Length of Gold Nanorods through Temperature Variation

et al. 2012

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The effect of temperature on the growth of the long axis of gold nanorods is studied. The length of the nanorods decreases gradually with an increase in the growth temperature. By considering the chemical equilibrium between hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) micelles and Au ions, we suggest that the secondary nucleation of seeds in a growth solution affects the long-axis length. In addition, small-angle X-ray scattering suggests that the equilibrium self-assembled structure of surfactant molecules does not affect the long-axis length in the present system.Gold nanorods, which are expected to be used in many applications, are crystals of gold. One of their most important characteristics is their plasmon absorption, the wavelength of which depends on the aspect ratio (AR) of the nanorods. Thus, the size control of gold nanorods is important for such applications. Low-AR gold nanorods (AR < 10) are studied extensively for medical probes that can kill cancer cells through irradiation from outside the body. On the other hand, high-AR gold nanorods are expected to be used for applications in nanogap electrodes, microscopy probes, catalysis, and so on. Thus, the length control of long nanorods is important, but it remains to be studied.It is commonly known that gold nanorods grow in a hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTAB) solution with a concentration of ca. 100 mM.1 There have been some reports on high-yield syntheses of high-AR gold nanorods, 25 and some reports on their growth mechanisms.57 Perez-Juste et al. presented a model for electric-field-directed growth. They reported that the enhanced electric field at gold nanorod tips and the slow collision frequency between reactants and gold nanorods cause Au I reduction exclusively at the termini, leading to rod formation.6 Sharma et al. noted that the slow reduction rate of Au ions at nanorod tips enhances their elongation. 7 In all these previous studies, gold nanorods were synthesized in a micellar solution of HTAB. On the other hand, we have reported that there is a close relation between the gelation of the surfactant solution and the elongation of gold nanorods. 5 We observed the enhanced elongation of gold nanorods in a gelled growth solution, which was induced by lowering the temperature. These results indicated that there is a relation between the growth temperature and/or the self-assembly of surfactant molecules and the elongation of gold nanorods. However, it is not sufficient how the long-axis length of gold nanorods is determined. Here, we examine the effects of the growth temperature and self-assembly of surfactant molecules on the long-axis length of gold nanorods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) observations of a growth solution of gold nanorods suggest that the secondary nucleation of seeds in the solution strongly affects the long-axis length of the nanorods.We synthesized gold nanorods via the seeding method. Prior to the synthesis, 500 mM aqueous solution of HTAB (Tokyo Chemical Industry) was ...

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“…The reason why we selected this surfactant is because it is water soluble and its structure is of a monoclinic system [8]. We have used the ionic crystal for the impurities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current-voltage characteristics of organic materials similar to inorganic p-n homo-junction

Imai

Kawaguchi

Suzuki

et al. 2010

IEICE Electron. Express

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Abstract:We have evaluated the electric characteristics of an organic surfactant material, n-Cethyl-trimethyl-ammonium Bromide (C 16 TAB) to fabricate the p-n homo-junction. This C 16 TAB was dissolved in the pure water, where the potassium iodide (KI) was added. The impurities adaptation has been processed in this mixed solution with the application of voltage. The KI is ionized in the water and the potassium ion is moved to the negative electrode and the iodine ion to the positive electrode. We collected the solution in the vicinity of both electrodes separately, and dried it to fabricate the samples. We measured the resistivities of both samples which were in the range of 10 +3 Ωcm. Both materials were contacted, and we measured the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics. We have obtained the I-V characteristics similar to a p-n homo-junction.

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Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide

Cited by 66 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of the anions on the N-cationic benzethonium salts in the solid state and solution: Chloride, bromide, hydroxide and citrate hydrates

Influence of the anions on the N-cationic benzethonium salts in the solid state and solution: Chloride, bromide, hydroxide and citrate hydrates

Control of the Long-axis Length of Gold Nanorods through Temperature Variation

Current-voltage characteristics of organic materials similar to inorganic p-n homo-junction

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