Hexacosanoate contents in Japanese common foods.

Abstract

SummaryRecently, a diet enriched in oleate and moderately restricted in hexacosanoate (C26:0) was found effective to reduce the plasma very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) levels in patients with adrenoleukodys trophy (ALD), an X-linked disorder characterized by demyelination of the adrenal cortex and cerebral white matter, and accumulation of saturated VLCFA, particularly 026:0, in tissues of the demyelination. The infor mation about the C26:0 content in Japanese food was, however, almost nil except for one report about foods in the USA, but this did not include some Japanese common foods. With the hope of treating an ALD patient in our hospital, 026:0 contents in Japanese common foods (42 items) were measured. In our case, a one-hour direct transesterification method was used to obtain methylesters of total fatty acids in foods and they were applied directly to a selected ion monitoring gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the quantitative C26:0 analysis. The C26:0 content in nuts and seeds as well as in fats and oils was found to be significantly higher than in other foods; the content was highest in peanuts. The content in almost all kinds of examined fishes, the common protein foods in Japan, was relatively low. From these data and that in the national nutrition survey in 1986, the daily intake of C26:0 from the average Japanese diet could be estimated to be 12-36mg. It can be recommended, therefore, that nuts and seeds as well as fats and oils should be restricted as severely as possible from the diet of ALD patients in Japan in order to keep daily C26:0 intake below 10mg as recommended in the USA.

Nutritional Significance and Metabolism of Very Long Chain Fatty Alcohols and Acids from Dietary Waxes

“…Peeled fruits and vegetables contain significantly less VLCFA than unpeeled fruits and vegetables, which is consistent with waxes being principal sources. Dietary content of hexacosanoate was measured in 42 Japanese foods (53), and it was estimated that daily intake was 12-36 mg. Because this analysis included a variety of processed foods and did not include any VLCFA3 except hexacosanoate, it seems-skely that intake of VLCFA3 can be much higher than these estimates. For example, beeswax contains about 12% free acids (47% C24, 12% C26.…”

Nutritional status of children affected by X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy

“…dietary habits by a structured interview on foods to avoid 6 and food intake by a 7‐days food diary.…”

“…The nutritional assessment included: anthropometric measurements, body composition by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), REE by indirect calorimetry (IC), blood parameters, dietary habits by a structured interview on foods to avoid 6 and food intake by a 7‐days food diary.…”

“…Regardless, contents may differ because of various biological and geographical factors, foodproducing place, food processing, cooking and brand, and so forth. 5,6 To date, the US Department of Agriculture database (https://www.usda.gov) contains the largest number of foods and related C24 dosage (approximately 4000 foods). No database, however, even among the national ones, has the detail of the content in C26.…”

“…C26:0 content differences between peeled and unpeeled forms were found and tbhis is consistent with the observation that VLCFAs are present in what is referred to as the ‘cuticular’ lipids of some plant sources of the waxy or leafy variety. Regardless, contents may differ because of various biological and geographical factors, food‐producing place, food processing, cooking and brand, and so forth 5,6 . To date, the US Department of Agriculture database (https://www.usda.gov) contains the largest number of foods and related C24 dosage (approximately 4000 foods).…”