Hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading bacterial strains Sphingomonas paucimobilis B90A, UT26 and Sp+, having similar lin genes, represent three distinct species, Sphingobium indicum sp. nov., Sphingobium japonicum sp. nov. and Sphingobium francense sp. nov., and reclassification of [Sphingomonas] chungbukensis as Sphingobium chungbukense comb. nov.

Pal, Rinku; Bala, Shashi; Dadhwal, Mandeep; Kumar, Mukesh; Dhingra, Gauri; Prakash, Om; Prabagaran, Solai Ramatchandirane; Shivaji, Sisinthy; Cullum, John; Holliger, Christof; Lal, Rup

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63201-0

Cited by 115 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…With those characteristics examined in this study, it is now clear that strain ATCC 27551 is not a member of the genus Flavobacterium, and should be identifi ed as Sphingobium fuliginis. The members of the genus Sphingobium contain many species that degrade pesticides or environmental pollutants (Kim and Zylstra, 1999;Nohynek et al, 1995;Pal et al, 2005;Ushiba et al, 2003). This general character of the genus Sphingobium is also shared by strain ATCC 27551.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Reclassification of a parathione-degrading Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 as Sphingobium fuliginis

Kawahara

Tanaka

Yoon

et al. 2010

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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IntroductionFlavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 was isolated from paddy fi eld water of the Philippines as a degrader of organophosphorus pesticides such as diazinon and parathion (Sethunathan and Yoshida, 1973a). The pesticides were found to be degraded by organophosphorus hydrolase (Mulbry and Karns, 1989) which was encoded on a 43-kb plasmid (Mulbry et al., 1986). The organophosphorus hydrolase has a broad range of substrates and functions at broad pH and temperature (Mulbry et al., 1986), and therefore considered to be useful for the detoxifi cation of the pesticide-polluted environment. Moreover, it has been recently applied to the degradation of nerve agents such as sarin and soman (Dumas et al., 1990) for decontamination in the case of chemical terrorism.In spite of the intensive study of the degrading enzyme, classifi cation of the producer of the enzyme has not attracted attention, and strain ATCC 27551 has been kept as Flavobacterium sp. since the early studies of this bacterium in 1970s (Sethunathan and Yoshida, 1973b). However, bacterial taxonomy has developed in these several decades and the members of the genus Flavobacterium have been reclassifi ed to other taxa.Sphingomonas was fi rst proposed by Yabuuchi et al. (1990) with fi ve species, but later developed to large group of species, and the new family Sphin- J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 56, 249 255 (2010) A parathione-degrading bacterium isolated from rice fi eld in the Philippines, Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 (Sethunathan and Yoshida, 1973, Can. J. Microbiol., 19, 873 875), was re-examined chemotaxonomically and phylogenetically. The strain contained 2-hydroxymyristic acid (2-OH 14 0), cis-vaccenic acid (18 1 ω7c), and palmitic acid (16 0) as major cellular fatty acids, two kinds of glycosphingolipids, and ubiquinone-10 as a sole quinone component. The G+C content of genomic DNA of the strain was 65.9 mol%. The phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain was included in the family Sphingomonadaceae, and most closely related to Sphingobium fuliginis (98.0% similarity) and Sphingobium herbicidovorans (97.3%). The strain showed similar physiological characteristics and a moderate value of DNA DNA relatedness to S. fuliginis. These data suggested it reasonable to conclude that strain ATCC 27551 was identifi ed as S. fuliginis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Reclassification of a parathione-degrading Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 as Sphingobium fuliginis

Kawahara

Tanaka

Yoon

et al. 2010

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…was isolated from sugarcane fi elds in India [7] and this was the fi rst report of aerobic degradation of even β-HCH by a bacterium. Later, both these strains were named as Sphingobium francense UT26 and Sphingobium indicum B90A [38]. Additionally bacterial strains, Rhodanobacter lindaniclasticus [39,40] and Sphingomonas paucimobilis Sp+ [41] were isolated from HCH contaminated soil in France.…”

Section: Sphingomonas Sp Bhc-a α- β- γ-And δ-Hch 65mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally bacterial strains, Rhodanobacter lindaniclasticus [39,40] and Sphingomonas paucimobilis Sp+ [41] were isolated from HCH contaminated soil in France. The three Sphingomonas strains were later reclassifi ed as distinct species of genus Sphingobium namely Sphingobium indicum B90A, Sphingobium japonicum UT26 and Sphingobium francense Sp + by using polyphasic taxonomical approach [38]. Some Gram-positive HCH degrading bacteria like Bacillus circulans and Bacillus brevis have also been reported in literature that degrade all the HCH isomers including β-HCH [42].…”

Section: Sphingomonas Sp Bhc-a α- β- γ-And δ-Hch 65mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned earlier, Sahu et al (1990) [7] were the fi rst to isolate Pseudomonas sp., a HCH-degrader from an Indian sugarcane fi eld which was later classifi ed as Sphingobium indicum B90A by polyphasic approach [38]. …”

Section: Systematics Of Hch-degradersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these lin genes were subsequently reported to be either present on plasmids or chromosomes [41,58,59]. Additionally, polyphasic approach based taxonomical characterization revealed that these three strains are infact three different species of the genus Sphingobium [38]. Thus B90A, UT26 and Sp+ were named as Sphingobium indicum, Sphingobium japonicum and Sphingobium francense respectively.…”

Section: Evolution Of Lin Genes To Perform Newer Function In B90amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pseudomonas sp. to Sphingobium indicum: a journey of microbial degradation and bioremediation of Hexachlorocyclohexane

et al. 2008

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The unusual process of production of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and extensive use of technical HCH and lindane has created a very serious problem of HCH contamination. While the use of technical HCH and lindane has been banned all over the world, India still continues producing lindane. Bacteria, especially Sphingomonads have been isolated that can degrade HCH isomers. Among all the bacterial strains isolated so far, Sphingobium indicum B90A that was isolated form HCH treated rhizosphere soil appears to have a better potential for HCH degradation. This conclusion is based on studies on the organization of lin genes and degradation ability of B90A. This strain perhaps can be used for HCH decontamination through bioaugmentation.

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Sphingomonas

Sood

Hira

Singh

et al. 2021

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Sphin.go.mo'nas. Gr. gen. n. sphingos of sphinx; Gr. fem. n. monas unit, monad; N.L. fem. n. Sphingomonas a sphingosine‐containing monad. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Sphingomonadales / Sphingomonadaceae / Sphingomonas Gram‐negative, straight or slightly curved rods or ovoid cells. Rosette‐like aggregation occurs in some species, a characteristic caused by polar fimbriae. The formation of endospores is not observed. Budding, binary fission, and asymmetric division are the major modes of reproduction in most of the species. Cells are either nonmotile or motile with polar flagellation and gliding motility. Mostly aerobic, but few species are microaerobic as well. Esculin hydrolysis is done by most of the species, but there are few exceptions. Colony coloration varies from yellow or red or orange to white to nonpigmented. Catalase and oxidase tests are positive or negative for different species. Glucuronosyl ‐( 1 → 1 )‐ ceramide ( SGL‐1 ), galacturonosyl‐β ( 1 → 1 )‐ ceramide ( in several species ), and 2‐hydroxymyristic acid occur but not 3‐hydroxy fatty acids. Cell‐wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is replaced by sphingolipids. The major fatty acids are C 18:1 , saturated C 16:0 , and/or C 17:1 . The major 2‐hydroxy fatty acids are C 14:0 2‐OH or C 15:0 2‐OH. Glycosphingolipids are present. The predominant respiratory quinone is ubiquinone Q‐10 with minor amounts of Q‐9 and Q‐8. Homospermidine and sym ‐homospermidine are the major polyamines detected. Characteristic 16S rRNA signatures are found at positions 52:359 (C:G), 134 (G), 593 (G), 987:1218 (G:C), and 990:1215 (U:G). Few species are opportunistic pathogens that cause meningitis peritonitis, septicemia, and neonatal infections in intensive care units. Pathogenicity toward animals is not yet known. Distribution is ubiquitous with free living in natural as well as man‐made environments. DNA G + C content (mol % ) : 60.7–72.2. Type species : Sphingomonas paucimobilis Yabuuchi et al. 1990, VL34 (basonym: Pseudomonas paucimobilis Holmes et al. 1977).

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Cited by 115 publications

References 30 publications

Reclassification of a parathione-degrading Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 as Sphingobium fuliginis

Reclassification of a parathione-degrading Flavobacterium sp. ATCC 27551 as Sphingobium fuliginis

Pseudomonas sp. to Sphingobium indicum: a journey of microbial degradation and bioremediation of Hexachlorocyclohexane

Sphingomonas

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