In recent years, design research has been the object of growing attention in universities and academies around the world. The present paper addresses the heterogeneous character of design research and the current need for reflection on the various approaches and interests. For this purpose, the paper follows two steps. First Keywords: Design, design research, design theory, design method, theory of science.
IntroductionDesign research is a growing discipline in much the same way that design is a growing field, incorporating many sectors and applications. Design, including design research, engages in, among others things, practice-based approaches in the social sciences, the humanities and engineering. From this starting point, very different methodologies and understandings of 'design' and design 'research' have evolved, and it may be difficult to meet on common grounds, though not impossible. This was instantiated at, for example, the recent 50 th Anniversary Design Research Society Conference (DRS 2016) in Brighton, where tracks in innovation, practice-based experiments, design history, etc. not only existed side by side, but also cross-fertilised each other.The design discipline serves as the basis for debate and the development of new theories, methods and concepts. Based on a broader perspective, however, design research has no established approaches or shared scientific foundations, as research necessarily develops in a number of different branches with specific subject areas and methodological practices. This raises the need to map and identify the various approaches. So far, however, there have been few attempts at summarising or taking stock across the various branches. This paper is intended as a step in that direction.In what follows, a proposal is offered in the form of a position model concerning a specification of the disciplines, positions and mind-sets that make up design research. The model is based on a view of design research as a pluralistic and cross-disciplinary field that relies on many different disciplines and incorporates multiple scientific and methodological practices. The position model is presented, and three layers are defined. The first layer describes some of the disciplines that define design research today. The next layer describes key positions within design research, while the third layer describes some of the scientific mind-sets that have affected design research in recent years. On the basis of the model, the paper summarises a series of approaches within design research in relation to the phases 'in which design takes place', 'design on the market place' and 'the design object'. Subsequently, the paper takes up the discussion of how to conceptualise design research today as a multi-, inter-, trans-, or metadisciplinary field. Can we, on the basis of the many approaches, speak of a singular design research; how do we approach the discussion?
Approaching Design ResearchDesign has traditionally been associated with the arts and the technical professions. In recent ...