Heterotrophic growth of microalgae: metabolic aspects

Morales‐Sánchez, Daniela; Martinez-Rodriguez, Oscar A.; Kyndt, John A.; Martı́nez, Alfredo

doi:10.1007/s11274-014-1773-2

Cited by 128 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Harsall reported that d ‐xylose was not utilized by microalgae for chemosynthesis, rather it acted as an inhibitor for the photosynthetic process. In another study, Neochloris oleabundans displayed a high growth rate when cultivated in 10 g/L of glucose but showed no growth when xylose and arabinose were used as a carbon sources …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixotrophic cultivation of Scenedesmus dimorphus in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate

Manzoor

Ahmad

Aslam

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Overuse of the fossil fuels to fulfill existing energy requirements has generated various environmental problems like global warming. Emergence of environmental issues due to burning of the fossil fuel resources has provoked researchers to explore alternative sources of fuel. In this scenario, microalgal biofuels could present a promising alternative fuel if produced cost‐effectively without competing for freshwater resources and arable land. Aim of the present study was to grow microalgae by employing lignocellulosic waste for production of lipids. Scenedesmus dimorphus NT8c was chosen based on its ability to tolerate heat, rapid growth, and ease of harvesting by overnight settling. Biochemical composition and growth parameters of microalgae were analyzed when cultivated mixotrophically on sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate, a low‐value agricultural by‐product, that is, currently underutilized. Despite a slight increase in turbidity in the medium, S. dimorphus NT8c cultures raised mixotrophically in 5 g/L sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate displayed significantly higher growth rates compared to photoautotrophic cultivation with an overall biomass productivity of 119.5 mg L d−1, protein contents of 34.82% and fatty acid contents of 15.41%. Thus, microalgae cultivated mixotrophically are capable of photosynthesizing while metabolizing and assimilating organic carbon, significant increases of biomass and lipid productivity can be achieved. However, high supplementation with organic carbon can result in unfavorable levels of turbidity and bacterial growth, reducing microalgal biomass productivity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixotrophic cultivation of Scenedesmus dimorphus in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate

Manzoor

Ahmad

Aslam

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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show abstract

“…Many photosynthetic organisms can also grow heterotrophically or mixotrophically using externally supplied organic carbon or with a combination of photosynthesis and imported organic carbon (Pringsheim and Wiessner, 1960;Koch, 2004;Harris, 2009a;Morales-Sánchez et al, 2015). The means by which photosynthetic cells coordinate these two modes of carbon metabolism are relatively unexplored (Sheen, 1994;Coruzzi and Bush, 2001;Halford and Paul, 2003;Smith and Stitt, 2007), but the elucidation of intracellular carbon regulatory networks has the potential to improve our understanding of photosynthetic cell growth and provide insights that will allow harnessing of photosynthesis for improved yields and storage of fixed carbon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergism between Inositol Polyphosphates and TOR Kinase Signaling in Nutrient Sensing, Growth Control, and Lipid Metabolism in Chlamydomonas

et al. 2016

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The networks that govern carbon metabolism and control intracellular carbon partitioning in photosynthetic cells are poorly understood. Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase is a conserved growth regulator that integrates nutrient signals and modulates cell growth in eukaryotes, though the TOR signaling pathway in plants and algae has yet to be completely elucidated. We screened the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using insertional mutagenesis to find mutants that conferred hypersensitivity to the TOR inhibitor rapamycin. We characterized one mutant, vip1-1, that is predicted to encode a conserved inositol hexakisphosphate kinase from the VIP family that pyrophosphorylates phytic acid (InsP 6 ) to produce the low abundance signaling molecules InsP 7 and InsP 8 . Unexpectedly, the rapamycin hypersensitive growth arrest of vip1-1 cells was dependent on the presence of external acetate, which normally has a growth-stimulatory effect on Chlamydomonas. vip1-1 mutants also constitutively overaccumulated triacylglycerols (TAGs) in a manner that was synergistic with other TAG inducing stimuli such as starvation. vip1-1 cells had reduced InsP 7 and InsP 8 , both of which are dynamically modulated in wild-type cells by TOR kinase activity and the presence of acetate. Our data uncover an interaction between the TOR kinase and inositol polyphosphate signaling systems that we propose governs carbon metabolism and intracellular pathways that lead to storage lipid accumulation.

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“…Many specieso fa lgae are forced to metabolize through this metabolic pathway because they live in extreme environments that are deprived of solar radiation, so (photo)autotrophic metabolism is not possible. [37] Many studies have found that algaes pecies are capable of (chemo)heterotrophically metabolizing aw ide range of organic carbon sourcedu nder light-deprived environments. [37] Suitable microalgae for heterotrophic cultivation should have 1) the potential to metabolize and growi nl ight-deprived conditions;2 )the potentialf or rapid growth in sterilized culture media;a nd 3) the potential to metabolize aw ide range of organic carbon sources,s uch as acetate, pyruvate, lactate, saturated fatty acids,e thanol, glycolate,C 6s ugars, glycerol, disaccharides, C5 monosaccharides, and amino acids.…”

Section: Heterotrophic Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Flue Gas Compounds on Microalgae and Mechanisms for Carbon Assimilation and Utilization

et al. 2018

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To shift the world to a more sustainable future, it is necessary to phase out the use of fossil fuels and focus on the development of low-carbon alternatives. However, this transition has been slow, so there is still a large dependence on fossil-derived power, and therefore, carbon dioxide is released continuously. Owing to the potential for assimilating and utilizing carbon dioxide to generate carbon-neutral products, such as biodiesel, the application of microalgae technology to capture CO from flue gases has gained significant attention over the past decade. Microalgae offer a more sustainable source of biomass, which can be converted into energy, over conventional fuel crops because they grow more quickly and do not adversely affect the food supply. This review focuses on the technical feasibility of combined carbon fixation and microalgae cultivation for carbon reuse. A range of different carbon metabolisms and the impact of flue gas compounds on microalgae are appraised. Fixation of flue gas carbon dioxide is dependent on the selected microalgae strain and on flue gas compounds/concentrations. Additionally, current pilot-scale demonstrations of microalgae technology for carbon dioxide capture are assessed and its future prospects are discussed. Practical implementation of this technology at an industrial scale still requires significant research, which necessitates multidisciplinary research and development to demonstrate its viability for carbon dioxide capture from flue gases at the commercial level.

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Heterotrophic growth of microalgae: metabolic aspects

Cited by 128 publications

References 84 publications

Mixotrophic cultivation of Scenedesmus dimorphus in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate

Mixotrophic cultivation of Scenedesmus dimorphus in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate

Synergism between Inositol Polyphosphates and TOR Kinase Signaling in Nutrient Sensing, Growth Control, and Lipid Metabolism in Chlamydomonas

Impact of Flue Gas Compounds on Microalgae and Mechanisms for Carbon Assimilation and Utilization

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