Heterotrophic activity on appendicularian (Tunicata: Appendicularia) houses in mesopelagic regions and their potential contribution to particle flux

Davoll, Peter J.; Youngbluth, Marsh J.

doi:10.1016/0198-0149(90)90128-i

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The numerous deep-living oncaeids from the meso-and bathypelagic zones may also be associated with gelatinous plankton and/or mucous material, because giant appendicularians and their houses occur at these depths as well (e.g. Davoll and Youngbluth 1990;Steinberg et al 1997).…”

Section: Species-specific Vertical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are taxonomic details of relevance to ecologists? An example from oncaeid microcopepods of the Red Sea

2004

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The marine microcopepod family Oncaeidae in the Red Sea has been the subject of comprehensive ecological studies over the past 15 years, providing for the first time insights into their community structure, vertical distribution and feeding ecology. Owing to taxonomic problems in species identification, however, many of the earlier ecological results were based on provisionally named species or morphotypes. A recent, ongoing taxonomic study of Red Sea Oncaeidae resulted in a considerable increase in the estimated numbers of species, since many of the species had not been described before. The present paper focuses on the potential significance of an improved taxonomic resolution of oncaeids with respect to various ecological aspects in this area, such as indicator species, community analysis and vertical distribution. The progress in our knowledge of the diversity of Red Sea Oncaeidae is summarized, including latest findings on the taxonomy and zoogeography of very small species (<0.5 mm), and the importance of sibling species in the family is pointed out. The south-north gradient in species diversity of Oncaeidae within the Red Sea appears to be greater than previously assumed, since several of the newly described species were restricted to the southern part. The number of endemic species among Red Sea oncaeids is very low, however, most of the new species being also recorded outside the Red Sea. New quantitative data on the abundance and vertical distribution of selected oncaeid siblings obtained during a recent cruise in the northern Red Sea are provided to exemplify the changes in the knowledge of oncaeid community structure attributable to the improved taxonomic resolution. The potential ecological importance of a more differentiated consideration of oncaeid species in marine microcopepod communities is discussed.

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Section: Species-specific Vertical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are taxonomic details of relevance to ecologists? An example from oncaeid microcopepods of the Red Sea

2004

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“…The appendicularian capability of trapping a wide range of particle sizes thanks to their unique filter-feeding apparatus house makes them to occupy an important trophic position in food webs. Appendicularians act as an important short-circuit that allows a rapid energy transfer from colloidal carbon and phytoplankton primary producers to zooplanktivorous predators such as fish larvae 28,29 , contributing at the same time to at least 8% of the vertical carbon transport to the deep ocean 30–32 . Therefore, the study of PUAs toxicity on the biology of appendicularians is fundamental from an ecological perspective to better understand the potential effect of increased amount of oxylipins on marine food webs and carbon cycle, upon potential intensification of harmful diatom blooms in the context of ocean warming and acidification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diatom bloom-derived biotoxins cause aberrant development and gene expression in the appendicularian chordate Oikopleura dioica

et al. 2018

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Investigating environmental hazards than could affect appendicularians is of prime ecological interest because they are among the most abundant components of the mesozooplankton. This work shows that embryo development of the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica is compromised by diatom bloom-derived biotoxins, even at concentrations in the same range as those measured after blooms. Developmental gene expression analysis of biotoxin-treated embryos uncovers an aberrant golf ball-like phenotype affecting morphogenesis, midline convergence, and tail elongation. Biotoxins induce a rapid upregulation of defensome genes, and considerable delay and silencing of zygotic transcription of developmental genes. Upon a possible future intensification of blooms associated with ocean warming and acidification, our work puts an alert on the potential impact that an increase of biotoxins may have on marine food webs, and points to defensome genes as molecular biosensors that marine ecologists could use to monitor the genetic stress of natural populations exposed to microalgal blooms.

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“…Gardner et al 1983, Ducklow e t al. 1985, Karl et al 1988 and measurement of heterotrophic activity on small, individual marine snow particles (Alldredge & Youngbluth 1985, Davoll & Youngbluth 1990.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of mesopelagic zooplankton in the community metabolism of giant larvacean house detritus in Monterey Bay, California, USA

Dk¹,

Silver²,

Ch³

1997

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The mucous feeding structures or 'houses' of the giant larvacean Bathochordaeus spp. provide a useful detrital system to study biological processes that mediate remineralization of particulate organic carbon in the mesopelagic zone. degradation by bacteria and grazing by zooplankton. The role of particle-associated zooplankton in remineralization in the mesopelagic zone has not previously been studied, mostly due to sampling difficulties. We collected houses between 100 and 500 m in Monterey Bay, California, USA, using a submersible ROV (remotely operated vehicle) and measured community metabolism on houses using oxygen electrodes. Houses were sites of elevated metabolic activity compared to surrounding waters. The average daily oxygen utilization indicates that approximately 1 % of house C is used daily to sustain community respiration, although the rate is higher (8%) when large numbers of zooplankton are present Estimdted rates of zooplankton remineralization of houses are similar to bacterial remineralization rates reported for other types of detritus. Respiration rates provide minimal estimates of carbon transformations by communities on detritus, especially when metazoans are present. Based on published estimates of the relationship between zooplankton carbon consumption and respiration rates, and our measurement of zooplankton abundance on houses, w e calculate that a mean of 6 % and up to 43% of house C is ~n g e s t e d by zooplankton each day. Thus, a substantial part of the house could be consumed by detritus-feeding zooplankton before sinking out of the mesopelagic zone. Particle-associated zooplankton are important in recycling carbon on these houses and potentially on other aggregates at depth, not only by consuming and remineralizing detritus, but also by altering detritus through repackaging it in fecal pellets, releasing it a s DOC, and fragmenting its fragile structure into smaller particulate matter K E Y WORDS: Mesopelagic zooplankton . Respiration Larvacean . Detritus -Monterey Bay

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Heterotrophic activity on appendicularian (Tunicata: Appendicularia) houses in mesopelagic regions and their potential contribution to particle flux

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Are taxonomic details of relevance to ecologists? An example from oncaeid microcopepods of the Red Sea

Are taxonomic details of relevance to ecologists? An example from oncaeid microcopepods of the Red Sea

Diatom bloom-derived biotoxins cause aberrant development and gene expression in the appendicularian chordate Oikopleura dioica

Role of mesopelagic zooplankton in the community metabolism of giant larvacean house detritus in Monterey Bay, California, USA

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