Heterotrimeric G protein
 β
 1
 γ
 2
 subunits change orientation upon complex formation with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) on a model membrane

Boughton, Andrew P.; Yang, Pei; Tesmer, Valerie M.; Ding, Bei; Tesmer, John J.G.; Chen, Zhan

doi:10.1073/pnas.1108236108

Cited by 76 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Upon binding G␤␥, the kinase domain of mammalian GRK2 rotates 10 -15°away the membrane, positioning GRK2 for efficient GPCR binding and thus potentially enhancing receptor phosphorylation (61). Thus, it is likely that the loss of both membrane recruitment and optimal kinase domain positioning contributes to the strong decrement in Ce-GRK-2(R587Q) function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Domains Required for Caenorhabditis elegans G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK-2) Function in Vivo

Wood

Wang

Benovic

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: GRKs phosphorylate activated GPCRs to terminate signaling. Results: Disrupting residues required for GPCR phosphorylation and G␤␥ and phospholipid binding eliminated Ce-GRK-2 chemosensory function. Conclusion: These interactions are required for Ce-GRK-2 function in vivo and support a recently proposed universal model for GRK activation. Significance: This is the first study to systematically determine the residues required for GRK function in live animals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Domains Required for Caenorhabditis elegans G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK-2) Function in Vivo

Wood

Wang

Benovic

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…47–52 We have previously reported on the application of this methodology for the determination of the membrane orientation of proteins by using SFG technique. 18–19 A computer program was developed to facilitate the protein orientation analysis by calculating the SFG signal ratios (e.g.,

χ_{z z z}^{false(2 false)} / χ_{x x z}^{false(2 false)}

) as a function of the protein orientation defined by two angles, twist and tilt, assuming that the protein does not change conformation when it binds to membranes. 18–19 The possible orientation angle regions can be determined by comparing the experimentally measured SFG polarized spectra and the calculated angle dependent SFG signals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Lipid Composition on the Membrane Orientation of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2–Gβ₁γ₂ Complex

Yang

Homan

et al. 2016

Biochemistry

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Interactions between proteins and cell membranes are critical for biological processes such as transmembrane signaling, and specific components of the membrane may play roles in helping to organize or mandate particular conformations of both integral and peripheral membrane proteins. One example of a signaling enzyme whose function is dependent on membrane binding and whose activity is affected by specific lipid components is G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2). Efficient GRK2-mediated phosphorylation of activated GPCRs is dependent not only on its recruitment to the membrane by heterotrimeric Gβγ subunits, but also on the presence of highly negatively charged lipids, in particular phosphatidylinositol-4',5'-bisphosphate (PIP2). We hypothesized that PIP2 may favor a distinct orientation of the GRK2-Gβγ complex on the membrane that is more optimal for function. In this study, we compared the possible orientations of GRK2-Gβγ and Gβγ alone on model cell membranes prepared with various anionic phospholipids as deduced from sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic methods. Our results indicate that PIP2 affects the membrane orientation of GRK2-Gβ1γ2, but not that of complexes form with anionic phospholipid-binding deficient mutations in the GRK2 pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. Gβ1γ2 exhibits a similar orientation on the lipid bilayer regardless of its lipid composition. The PIP2-induced orientation of the GRK2-Gβ1γ2 complex is therefore most likely caused by specific interactions between PIP2 and the GRK2 PH domain. Thus, PIP2 not only helps recruit GRK2 to the membrane, but also “fine tunes” the orientation of the GRK2-Gβγ complex so that it is better positioned to phosphorylate activated GPCRs.

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“…Few experimental techniques can assess the orientation of peripheral membrane proteins in their native environment. Sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy was used to determine the membrane orientation of the GPCR kinase 2-G-βγ complex (Boughton et al 2011). Rhodopsin kinase phosphorylates rhodopsin at different subsets of Ser and Thr residues at the C-terminal tail, producing phosphorylated receptor variants with divergent functional properties (Maeda et al 2003).…”

Section: Gpcr Activation and Recruitment Of G Proteins And Other Protmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Atomic Structures to Neuronal Functions of G Protein–Coupled Receptors

Palczewski

Orban

2013

Annu. Rev. Neurosci.

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G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential mediators of signal transduction, neurotransmission, ion channel regulation, and other cellular events. GPCRs are activated by diverse stimuli, including light, enzymatic processing of their N-termini, and binding of proteins, peptides, or small molecules such as neurotransmitters. GPCR dysfunction caused by receptor mutations and environmental challenges contributes to many neurological diseases. Moreover, modern genetic technology has helped identify a rich array of mono- and multigenic defects in humans and animal models that connect such receptor dysfunction with disease affecting neuronal function. The visual system is especially suited to investigate GPCR structure and function because advanced imaging techniques permit structural studies of photoreceptor neurons at both macro and molecular levels that, together with biochemical and physiological assessment in animal models, provide a more complete understanding of GPCR signaling.

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Heterotrimeric G protein β ₁ γ ₂ subunits change orientation upon complex formation with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) on a model membrane

Cited by 76 publications

References 35 publications

Structural Domains Required for Caenorhabditis elegans G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK-2) Function in Vivo

Structural Domains Required for Caenorhabditis elegans G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK-2) Function in Vivo

Effect of Lipid Composition on the Membrane Orientation of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2–Gβ₁γ₂ Complex

From Atomic Structures to Neuronal Functions of G Protein–Coupled Receptors

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Heterotrimeric G protein β 1 γ 2 subunits change orientation upon complex formation with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) on a model membrane

Cited by 76 publications

References 35 publications

Structural Domains Required for Caenorhabditis elegans G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK-2) Function in Vivo

Structural Domains Required for Caenorhabditis elegans G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK-2) Function in Vivo

Effect of Lipid Composition on the Membrane Orientation of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2–Gβ1γ2 Complex

From Atomic Structures to Neuronal Functions of G Protein–Coupled Receptors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Heterotrimeric G protein β ₁ γ ₂ subunits change orientation upon complex formation with G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) on a model membrane

Effect of Lipid Composition on the Membrane Orientation of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2–Gβ₁γ₂ Complex