Heterotopic Ossification in Trauma

Chronic dysphagia caused by Laryngo-vertebral Synostosis after anterior fusion for cervical spine trauma: a case report

“…The risk factors for posttraumatic synostosis are classified into two main categories: trauma-related and treatment-related [10,11]. A significant proportion of these risk factors are associated with systemic or local inflammation, which overlap with the general risk factors for posttraumatic heterotopic ossification (HO) ( Table 2) [12][13][14]. Previous studies demonstrated that various inflammatory cytokines were increased in the blood and local tissue among patients with severe HO [15,16].…”

An ectopic intramedullary hematopoietic niche in a cervical spine meniscoid: a case report

“…Heterotopic ossification refers to the formation of lamellar bone in soft tissue, and is acknowledged as a complication that may follow musculoskeletal trauma, surgery or central nervous system injury [ 2,3,9]. Following such an initiating event, the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning heterotopic ossification are thought to comprise multiple factors as described by McCarthy and Sundaram [ 10]: a signal is generated at the site of injury, possibly a bone morphogenetic protein secreted by cells of the injured tissue, or from inflammatory cells accumulating at the site of injury.…”

“…Finally, an environment with appropriate conditions for the production and maintenance of bone is required. Approaches to management of heterotopic ossification range from simple observation, to radiotherapy [ 11], to surgical excision and subsequent physical therapy; clinical decision-making is typically based upon patient symptoms and the impact of the ossification upon patient mobility and function [ 9].…”

Treatments and Preventative Measures for Trauma‐Induced Heterotopic Ossification: A Review

“…Additionally, patients with polytrauma derived HO often present with concomitant injuries that may be adversely affected by the systemic NSAID or RT 12, 14, 17. NSAID delivery following acute trauma can complicate bleeding, exacerbate gastritis, and potentially impede fracture healing 41, 42. Radiation can compromise soft tissue healing, including surgical incisions, and affect beneficial immunologic functions.…”

“…12,14,17 NSAID delivery following acute trauma can complicate bleeding, exacerbate gastritis, and potentially impede fracture healing. 41,42 Radiation can compromise soft tissue healing, including surgical incisions, and affect beneficial immunologic functions. As a result, few practical options for prevention are available under traumatic-injury circumstances.…”