Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the proximal esophageal (HGMPE) and its potential role in pediatric dysphonia and dysphagia

Weinstock, Michael S.; Simons, Jeffrey P.; Dohar, Joseph E.

doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110271

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The prevalence of inlet patches ranges from 0.18 to 14%, though autopsy reports show an incidence of up to 70% [ 3 , 6 ]. Additionally, inlet patches are observed in the pediatric population with a prevalence of up to 5.9% [ 7 ]. The endoscopic detection of esophageal GH is dependent on the endoscopist’s awareness of GH [ 8 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submucosal gastric heterotopia presenting as an upper esophageal nodule

Dawley

Gavini

Sun

2021

Journal of Surgical Case Reports

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Esophageal gastric heterotopia (GH), the presence of differentiated gastric tissue in the esophagus, is estimated in up to 14% of populations worldwide and has always been reported on the surface of the esophagus, where it is also known as inlet patch. However, submucosal GH, in any tissue, is a rare finding. We report the case of a 50 year-old male presenting with chronic cough, heartburn and raspy vocalizations. Endoscopic examination showed a single 7 mm esophageal nodule, 20 cm from the incisors, interpreted as a submucosal mass. Pathologic examination of the endoscopically excised nodule showed well-differentiated gastric mucosa within the submucosa underneath the overlying squamous mucosa, consistent with submucosal GH. This case raises the awareness of an atypical presentation and location of GH seen as a submucosal mass on endoscopy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Submucosal gastric heterotopia presenting as an upper esophageal nodule

Dawley

Gavini

Sun

2021

Journal of Surgical Case Reports

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“…La heterotopia de mucosa gástrica del esófago proximal (HMGEP), también denominada parche de entrada, es una entidad clínica poco entendida y probablemente subdiagnosticada (1). Su prevalencia varía ampliamente, reportándose entre el 0,2 % y el 13 % (2).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Su prevalencia varía ampliamente, reportándose entre el 0,2 % y el 13 % (2). Esta discrepancia puede deberse a que el diagnóstico es operador-dependiente y a que los síntomas faringolaríngeos suelen ser atribuidos al reflujo gastroesofágico (1). Como concluyen Chung y colaboradores en su estudio, la prevalencia aumenta cuando el operador realiza una búsqueda activa de la lesión, lo que sugiere que existe subdiagnóstico de este hallazgo en endoscopias de rutina (2).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Heterotopía de mucosa gástrica del esófago proximal como causa de distrés respiratorio en un neonato: reporte de caso

Hoepfner¹,

Valencia

Isaza³

et al. 2022

Acta otorrinolaringol cir cabeza cuello

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La heterotopía de mucosa gástrica del esófago proximal (HMGEP) es una entidad clínica poco entendida y probablemente subdiagnosticada que consiste en la presencia de islas de mucosa gástrica ectópica en el esófago proximal. Aunque suele ser una entidad asintomática, en ocasiones genera síntomas faringolaríngeos y de manera infrecuente, puede asociarse a complicaciones como estenosis, úlceras y perforación. Presentamos el caso de un neonato que se manifiesta de manera temprana con distrés respiratorio secundario a HMGEP, requiriendo intubación orotraqueal y posterior terapia ablativa con láser. Con este manejo, la paciente se recupera paulatinamente.

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Proksimal özofagusta heterotopik gastrik mukozal yama saptanan çocukların değerlendirilmesi

GARİP

2022

Akademik Gastroenteroloji Dergisi

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Background and Aims:The inlet patch is an island of ectopic gastric mucosa located proximal to the esophagus. It was first described by Schmidt in 1805. Different theories have been proposed about its formation. The heterotopic gastric mucosa is macroscopically oval, velvety, and pinkish salmon in color. It is distinctly separated from the normal mucosa and has different sizes. It rarely surrounds the esophagus. It can be seen on the back or side walls of the esophagus as a single piece or multiple pieces. It is mostly asymptomatic and can present with supraesophageal, esophageal, respiratory, and gastrointestinal symptoms. During esophagogastroduodenoscopy, it can be easily overlooked when the esophagus passed quickly. Therefore, its incidence and prevalence are low. The frequency of detection of the inlet patch by esophagogastroduodenoscopy varies between 0.1% and 10% depending on the reasons it was performed. Moreover, no comprehensive studies have been conducted in pediatric patients. Therefore, children aged 18 years who were found to have heterotopic gastric mucosa by esophagogastroduodenoscopy, performed for different reasons, were included the study. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of heterotopic gastric mucosa and study its demographic, clinical, macroscopic, and histological features for presenting them in the light of the literature. Materials and Methods: The study included pediatric patients aged <18 years who were diagnosed with heterotopic gastric mucosa by esophagogastroduodenoscopy between October 2017 and December 2020. Patients' clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. Results: In this study, heterotopic gastric mucosa was detected in 30 (1.2%) out of 2,500 pediatric patients that underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Half of the patients were male, and the mean age was 13.4 years. The most common complaint was abdominal pain in 75%. Other accompanying complaints were dysphagia in 45.8%, hemoptysis in 12.5%, and heartburn and regurgitation in 8.3%. Laboratory evaluations revealed vitamin B12 deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in 37.5% and 33.3% of the patients, respectively. In the esophagus, the lesions ranged from 5 to 17 cm, 5-50 mm in diameter (most commonly 5-10 mm: 53.4%), single and multiple (most commonly single in 79.1%), and with salmon red or pink velvety appearance. In esophagogastroduodenoscopy, nodular gastritis and peptic ulcers were detected in 66.6% and 8.3% of the patients, respectively. Histopathologically, Helicobacter pylori gastritis was detected in 45.8% of the patients. Cases were reviewed according to subtypes: 83.3% had type 2 heterotopic gastric mucosa, 16.6% had type 3, and 4% had type 4. No cases of types 1 and 5 were found. At diagnosis, one patient had stricture and ulcer and three patients had hemoptysis as complications. Patients were followed up for 1 year, and none of them needed argon laser or additional therapies. Conclusions: Heterotopic gastric mucosa is rare in children; however, it should not be ignored because of the risk of m...

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Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the proximal esophageal (HGMPE) and its potential role in pediatric dysphonia and dysphagia

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Submucosal gastric heterotopia presenting as an upper esophageal nodule

Submucosal gastric heterotopia presenting as an upper esophageal nodule

Heterotopía de mucosa gástrica del esófago proximal como causa de distrés respiratorio en un neonato: reporte de caso

Proksimal özofagusta heterotopik gastrik mukozal yama saptanan çocukların değerlendirilmesi

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