Heterotopic Gastric Glands in the Submucosa of the Stomach

Abstract

The submucosal heterotopic gastric glands were found in 160 cases (10.7%) of 1500 resected stomachs; 15y0 in gastric ulcer, 9.9% in gastric carcinoma, 4% in duodenal ulcer and 11% in chronic gastritis. The heterotopic glands were usually found in the distal half of the stomach, diffusely or localized. Macroscopic submucosal tumor was found in 9 (5%) of 160 cases. Although the heterotopic glands were found with an intimate relation to the repeated mucosal damage and subsequent intestinal metaplasia, they had no specific relation to gastric carcinogenesis. ACTA PATH. JAP. 29: 347-350, 1979.

Unusual gastric polyp showing submucosal proliferation of glands: Case report and literature review

“…The heterotopic lesions are considered to be congenital malformations 12 or secondary invasion of surface mucosa through a defect of the muscularis mucosa, which arises as a result of inflammation or ulceration. 13,14 Similar submucosal glands were observed in a peculiar gastric lesion occurring at a gastroenteric anastomosis, known as gastritis cystic polyposa 15 or polypoid hypertrophic gastritis, 16,17 with prolapse of the gastric mucosa into the stoma and consequent glandular proliferation considered to be a cause of the lesion. A lesion with some morphological similarities was noted in the lower intestinal tract, and fermed colitis cystica profunda 18,19 and enteritis cystica polyposa.…”

Gastritis Cystica Profunda Accompanied by Multiple Early Gastric Cancers

“…[2][3][4][5] GCP may present as a subepithelial tumor or a polyp, but rarely as a giant gastric mucosal fold. 6,7 GCP is usually regarded as a benign lesion, 3,4,8 but there are some controversies about its malignant potential. There have been some reports of cases about GCP accompanied by gastric carcinoma or adenoma with high grade dysplasia.…”

Diffuse heterotopic submucosal cystic malformation of the stomach: Ultrasonographic diagnosis

“…Iwanaga et al suggested that submucosal cysts may not be precancerous lesions, but be paracancerous [2]. However, there are several reports that submucosal cysts of the stomach have no specific association to gastric carcinogenesis [6,9]. If these cysts are paracancerous lesions, the patient reported herein will likely present with carcinoma in the gastric remnant in the future and careful surveillance will be necessary.…”

“…The diffuse heterotopic submucosal cystic malformations (submucosal cysts) of the stomach have been reported under several names, including multiple diffuse cystic disease [1], diffuse submucosal cystic disease [2], diffuse cystic glandular malformation [3], heterotopic gastric glands [6], and heterotopic submucosal gastric cysts [7]. These cysts have been found in stomachs resected for gastric carcinoma, and their possible association with gastric carcinoma has been suggested [1][2][3].…”

“…One describes them as congenital, similar to a hamartoma [1,3,8], and the other regards them as acquired lesions [2,6,7]. The latter theory suggests that gastritis may give rise to these cysts and that the development of heterotopic cysts in the submucosa may make the mucosal surface more prone to repeated erosion regeneration which may result in carcinoma or atypical hyperplasia [2,6,7]. In the present case, the mucosa was dotted with small erosions, the distribution of which corresponded closely to that of the submucosal cysts.…”