Heterotopic cervical pregnancy treated with transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration resulting in cervical site varices within the myometrium

Heterotopic Cervical Pregnancy With Fetal Survival

“…Medical conservative treatments include intraamniotic or cardiac injection of potassium chloride or metotrexate, intraamniotic injection of hypertonic solution (3,6) .…”

“…Cervical heterotopic pregnancy represents a rare type of ectopic pregnancy, reported to be less than 0.1% of all pregnancies (3,4) . Pelvic inflammatory disease, use of an intrauterine device, ovulation induction and in vitro fertilisation has been related to the increased incidence of cervical pregnancy, but a direct relationship with heterotopic pregnancy has not been proved (5,6) . IVF centers reported an incidence of heterotopic pregnancy as 0.75-…”

Fertility Preservation in Heterotopic Cervical Pregnancy: What Is the Best Procedure?

“…Tubal ectopic pregnancy is the most common type of heterotopic pregnancy; fewer than 0.1% of all ectopic pregnancies occur in the cervix. Risk factors include uterine and cervical abnormalities, cervical stenosis, presence of an intrauterine device, uterine dilation and curettage, history of caesarean section, smoking [3] , tubal factor infertility, and IVF with embryo transfer, as in our patient [2,4] . Embryo reflux towards the cervix after transfer and cervical trauma during transfer have been suggested as explanations for the latter.…”

“…We found only one other case in the literature in which intra-arterial methotrexate and simultaneous uterine embolization were combined [25] . Transvaginally guided KCl injection no [5] singleton, live birth at term hypervascular cervix [6] singleton, live birth at 34 weeks placenta previa accreta; postpartum MTX [7] singleton, live birth at 36 weeks no [12] singleton, live birth at 36 weeks hysterectomy [14]* singleton, live birth at 35 weeks bilateral internal iliac artery ligation [16] singleton, live birth at 35 weeks hysterectomy (bleeding) [22] singleton, C-section, at 31 weeks (fetal cause) [2] singleton, C-section at 37 weeks no (uterine preservation) [21] singleton, live birth at 35 weeks no None reported yes [17] singleton, live birth at 39 weeks no None reported yes [19] twins, live births at 29 weeks placental abruption Shirodkar cervical cerclage yes [9] singleton, live birth at 39 weeks no…”

Modification of conservative treatment of heterotopic cervical pregnancy by Foley catheter balloon fixation with cerclage sutures at the level of the external cervical os: a case report

“…Simple cervical embryo aspiration under transvaginal ultrasonography guidance can be used and delivery of a healthy baby has been successful [ 11 ]. However, using this method, another case report stated that an intra-uterine pregnancy was complicated by development of uterine varices at the cervical site, although the outcome was satisfactory [ 12 ]. Spontaneous abortion of intra-uterine pregnancy can occur after various methods of cervical pregnancy termination [ 13 ].…”