“…The principal reasons for the exclusion of studies were the absence of information about the incidence of heterotopic bone formation or about the number of participants or hips, 7,14 , 227−279 the conduct of other surgical procedures (e.g. cup arthroplasty, repair of hip fracture or resection of heterotopic bone formation), 2,216,280−298 repeat publication of data included in another report, 60,65,299−339 review articles with no original data, 1,3−6,8,12,340−363 data restricted to heterotopic bone formation at non‐hip sites, 11,364−381 and data restricted to heterotopic bone formation in non‐human species 382−388 . The reports from a number of other possibly relevant studies were not available for review 82,389−421 …”