Heterostyly promotes compatible pollination in buckwheats: Comparisons of intraflower, intraplant, and interplant pollen flow in distylous and homostylous <i>Fagopyrum</i>

Wu, Ling‐Yun; Chang, Fang-Fang; Liu, Shujuan; Armbruster, W. Scott; Huang, Shuang‐Quan

doi:10.1002/ajb2.1013

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…4b). In bisexual flowers self-pollination can be mediated by pollinators (Wu et al 2018) and we suggest that this is the case for T. velutina where ant patrolling reduced selfing rates by affecting pollinator visitation behaviour, reducing the time bees spent inside flowers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Although the deleterious effects of selfing and geitonogamy have been well described for many species (Waser & Price 1991; de Jong et al 1992; Lloyd 1992), the decomposition of pollen on stigmas into donor components (intraflower or selfing, intraplant or geitonogamy, interplant or outcrossing) has rarely been performed, and its importance remains underappreciated (de Jong et al 1993; Wu et al 2018). We assessed the effects of ant patrolling on plant mating system decomposing pollen transfer based on its origin and fate finding that in this self-compatible species, ant exclusion shifted the plant mating system from predominantly outcrossing to predominantly selfing, reducing geitonogamy (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ant guards influence the mating system of their plant hosts by altering pollinator behaviour

Villamil

Boege

Stone

2020

Preprint

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31Ant guards can increase plant fitness by deterring herbivores but may also 32 reduce it by interfering with pollination, hence ant-plant interactions are ideal 33 systems in which to study costs and benefits of mutualisms. While ant impacts 34 on herbivory are well-studied, much less is known about impacts on 35 pollinators and associated consequences for plant mating systems and fitness. 36 We used field experiments to quantify the effect of ant guards on pollinator 37 community composition, frequency and duration of flower visits, and 38 cascading effects on plant mating system and plant fitness in Turnera velutina 39 (Passifloraceae). Although ant patrolling did not affect pollinator community 40 composition or visitation frequency, it decreased pollinator foraging time and 41 flower visit duration. Such behavioural changes resulted in reduced pollen 42 deposition on stigmas, decreasing male fitness whilst increasing outcrossing 43 rates. This study contributes to understanding how non-pollinators, such as 44 these defensive mutualists, can shape plant mating systems.45 46 87 tested. Alternatively, an increase in fruit set in ant-patrolled plants of 88 Psycothria limonensis was attributed to pollinator relocation, where ant 89 threats might have caused pollinators to spend less time per flower and visit 90 5 more flowers, promoting pollen transfer (Altshuler 1999). Again, this 91 mechanism was inferred, but not experimentally tested. Previous experiments 92 on Turnera velutina showed that ant corpses placed inside flowers reduce 93 pollinator visit duration (Villamil et al. 2018). However, such an experimental 94 setup may differ from natural circumstances as flower occupation by ants is a 95 rare event, and live ants (in contrast to dead ones) do not remain immobile in 96 the flowers for long periods. Overall, the presence of ants can promote 97 changes in pollinator community composition, visit frequency and duration. 98 This, in turn, could drive positive or negative impacts of ant-pollinator 99 interactions on plant reproduction (Altshuler 1999; Ness 2006). To date, no 100 study has quantified the impacts of ant patrolling on pollinator visitation 101 behaviour, plant mating systems, and fitness under natural conditions. 102 We estimated the ecological and potential evolutionary consequences 103 of myrmecophily on the pollination biology, mating system, and fitness of 104 Turnera velutina (Passifloraceae), a self-compatible ant-plant using an ant 105 exclusion field experiment. We addressed the following questions: (i) What is 106 the effect of ant patrolling on pollinator visitation? (pollinator community 107 composition, visitation frequency, duration, and behaviour) (ii) Does ant 108 patrolling affect the host plant mating system? (iii) Does ant patrolling affect 109 pollen transfer dynamics? (iv) Does ant patrolling affect plant male fitness? 110 First, because smaller or solitary pollinator taxa are expected to be more 111 vulnerable to predation risk than larger or social species (Dukas & ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ant guards influence the mating system of their plant hosts by altering pollinator behaviour

Villamil

Boege

Stone

2020

Preprint

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“…Hence, avoidance of self‐pollen deposition may be more important for the short‐styled morph, and consequently, herkogamy is expected to be higher in this morph. In long‐styled flowers, total pollen deposition is typically higher (Barrett & Shore 2008; Liu et al 2016; Jacquemyn et al 2018; Wu et al 2018), and self‐pollination is less likely to be a problem. The higher pollen deposition may allow long‐styled flowers to tolerate lower reciprocity than in the short‐styled morphs (Haddadchi 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High herkogamy but low reciprocity characterizes isoplethic populations of Jasminum malabaricum, a species with stigma‐height dimorphism

Ganguly

Barua

2020

Plant Biol J

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• Studies of floral polymorphisms have focused on heterostyly, while stigma-height dimorphism has received considerably less attention. Few studies have examined the reproductive biology of species with stigma-height dimorphism to understand how factors influencing mate availability and pollen transfer are related to morph ratios in populations. • Floral morphological traits, especially herkogamy and reciprocity, pollinator visitation, breeding system and spatiotemporal mate availability, are known to affect intermorph pollination and morph ratios in species with stigma-height dimorphism. In this study, we investigated the presence of stigma-height dimorphism and estimated morph ratios in four naturally occurring populations of Jasminum malabaricum. We quantified morph-and population-specific differences in the abovementioned factors in these populations to understand the observed morph ratios. • The positions of anthers and stigmas were characteristic of stigma-height dimorphism, the first report of this polymorphism in the genus. All study populations were isoplethic, implying equal fitness of both morphs. Herkogamy was higher in the shortstyled morph, while reciprocity was higher between the long-styled stigma and shortstyled anthers. Long-and short-tongued pollinators were common floral visitors, and we observed no differences between morphs in spatiotemporal mate availability or pollinator visitation. Neither morph exhibited self-or heteromorphic incompatibility. • The short-styled stigma had lower reciprocity but likely receives sufficient inter-morph pollen from long-tongued pollinators, and also by avoiding self-pollination due to higher herkogamy. These results highlight the importance of sufficient effective pollinators and floral morphological features, particularly herkogamy, in maintaining isoplethy in species with stigma-height dimorphism.

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“…Experimental support for the cross‐promotion hypothesis was obtained from array experiments using emasculated flowers by Wu et al . (). They measured intraflower, intraplant, and interplant pollen deposition on stigmas in distylous Fagopyrum esculentum (Fig.…”

Section: Pollination Mating and Morph Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 97%

‘A most complex marriage arrangement’: recent advances on heterostyly and unresolved questions

2019

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Summary Heterostylous genetic polymorphisms provide paradigmatic systems for investigating adaptation and natural selection. Populations are usually comprised of two (distyly) or three (tristyly) mating types, maintained by negative frequency‐dependent selection resulting from disassortative mating. Theory predicts this mating system should result in equal style‐morph ratios (isoplethy) at equilibrium. Here, I review recent advances on heterostyly, focusing on examples challenging stereotypical depictions of the polymorphism and unresolved questions. Comparative analyses indicate multiple origins of heterostyly, often within lineages. Ecological studies demonstrate that structural components of heterostyly are adaptations improving the proficiency of animal‐mediated cross‐pollination and reducing pollen wastage. Both neutral and selective processes cause deviations from isoplethy in heterostylous populations, and, under some ecological and demographic conditions, cause breakdown of the polymorphism, resulting in either the evolution of autogamy and mixed mating, or transitions to alternative outcrossing systems, including dioecy. Earlier ideas on the genetic architecture of the S‐locus supergene governing distyly have recently been overturned by discovery that the dominant S‐haplotype is a hemizygous region absent from the s‐haplotype. Ecological, phylogenetic and molecular genetic data have validated some features of theoretical models on the selection of the polymorphism. Although heterostyly is the best‐understood floral polymorphism in angiosperms, many unanswered questions remain.

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Heterostyly promotes compatible pollination in buckwheats: Comparisons of intraflower, intraplant, and interplant pollen flow in distylous and homostylous Fagopyrum

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Ant guards influence the mating system of their plant hosts by altering pollinator behaviour

Ant guards influence the mating system of their plant hosts by altering pollinator behaviour

High herkogamy but low reciprocity characterizes isoplethic populations of Jasminum malabaricum, a species with stigma‐height dimorphism

‘A most complex marriage arrangement’: recent advances on heterostyly and unresolved questions

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