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One of the primary avenues of improving the biological efficiency of crop plants is through the improvement of the leaf and canopy photosynthetic rates . However, the question whether the superiority of hybrids in respect of productivity potential could be traced, in retrospective fashion, to the photosynthetic parameters should be answered first . Once established and standardized, such indices could be streamlined in innovative breeding to predict the heterotic combinations for final yield formation . To answer this question, the photosynthetic rate and other components of photosynthetic efficiency were monitored among eight inbred stocks of maize (selected for variable photosynthetic rate from a previous study) and their all possible one-way crosses . The results demonstrated extensive heterosis in respect of photosynthetic rate and other photosynthetic indices which, in turn, was also realized in terms of higher biomass productivity and yield .Nonetheless, high leaf photosynthesis alone did not result in higher grain yield . On the contrary, component interaction among the photosynthetic indices like photosynthetic rate, leaf area/plant, number of leaves and chlorophyll content on one hand and the complementary gene action on the other, could be held responsible for higher yields in hybrids . Since the components of photosynthetic efficiency can predict heterosis for biomass and grain yield upto a reasonable extent, judicious incorporation of such indices in selection parameters for applied genetic protocols can add yet another dimension to the strategies for future yield improvements .
One of the primary avenues of improving the biological efficiency of crop plants is through the improvement of the leaf and canopy photosynthetic rates . However, the question whether the superiority of hybrids in respect of productivity potential could be traced, in retrospective fashion, to the photosynthetic parameters should be answered first . Once established and standardized, such indices could be streamlined in innovative breeding to predict the heterotic combinations for final yield formation . To answer this question, the photosynthetic rate and other components of photosynthetic efficiency were monitored among eight inbred stocks of maize (selected for variable photosynthetic rate from a previous study) and their all possible one-way crosses . The results demonstrated extensive heterosis in respect of photosynthetic rate and other photosynthetic indices which, in turn, was also realized in terms of higher biomass productivity and yield .Nonetheless, high leaf photosynthesis alone did not result in higher grain yield . On the contrary, component interaction among the photosynthetic indices like photosynthetic rate, leaf area/plant, number of leaves and chlorophyll content on one hand and the complementary gene action on the other, could be held responsible for higher yields in hybrids . Since the components of photosynthetic efficiency can predict heterosis for biomass and grain yield upto a reasonable extent, judicious incorporation of such indices in selection parameters for applied genetic protocols can add yet another dimension to the strategies for future yield improvements .
The genetic relationships among different inbred stocks of corn with respect to different indices of photosynthetic efficiency and plant productivity was assessed by means of diallel graphs. The salient feature of the current study was "apparent overdominance" for some important indices of photosynthetic efficiency, viz. photosynthetic rate/unit leaf area (at the silking stage), total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a content, as well as for total dry matter production and economic yield. The results could be explained in terms of complementary gene action and the multiplicative effects of the sub-components that comprise these traits. However, complete dominance was recorded for photosynthetic rate (at the grain filling period), leaf area/plant, number of leaves/plant, number of leaves above the ear, ratio of chlorophyll a/b and harvest index. In the majority of cases graphic analysis was possible only when a number of epistatic parents were omitted from the analysis. Although the position of the array points for different indices of photosynthetic efficiency was consistent across the years, the ontogenetic and seasonal differences in the genetic behaviour of parents, meaning thereby, different loci being active at different stages and seasons, was apparent. The same was true for the epistatic parents. Non-allelic interaction of the genes rather than the non-random distribution of the genes among the parents seemed to be the most common cause of disturbance in the Wr/Vr relationship.Inbred stock MG 115 was identified to be the most promising because it embodied an efficient photosynthetic machinery by virtue of increasing the number of alleles for a majority of the indices of photosynthetic efficiency, thereby enabling it to register the highest biological productivity and economic yield. Further, inbred stocks MG 138, MG 121, and MG 125 were also promising for different photosynthetic parameters.
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