Heterosis and Hybrid Rice Breeding

Virmani, S. S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-85115-5

Cited by 108 publications

(79 citation statements)

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“…Adapun galur yang teridentifikasi sebagai pelestari mandul jantan berkisar antara 0-10% (Virmani 1994). Rendahnya frekuensi galur-galur pemulih kesuburan dan pemelihara mandul jantan juga dijumpai pada galur-galur Basmati dan non-Basmati di India (Sarial and Singh 2000).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Identifikasi Galur-galur Elit Padi (Oryza sativa) untuk Tetua Padi Hibrida

Nugraha¹,

Lubis²,

Diredja³

2017

BPN

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One of the efforts to increase rice yield is through hybrid rice production. Hybrid rice has now been commercialized in Indonesia. The parental lines of the hybrids developed in Indonesia mostly came from introduced lines. Those lines were more susceptible to stresses, especially to pests and diseases, that make the yield of the hybrid fluctuated and wasn't stable. Hence, it is needed to develop hybrid variety using Indonesian parental line which were well adapted to Indonesia. Therefore, identification of those lines is needed. ABSTRAKSalah satu upaya untuk meningkatan hasil padi adalah dengan penanaman varietas hibrida. Saat ini di Indonesia mulai menerapkan teknologi padi hibrida secara komersial. Padi hibrida yang berkembang di Indonesia berasal dari galur-galur tetua hasil introduksi. Biasanya galur-galur tetua introduksi lebih peka terhadap perubahan kondisi lingkungan terutama hama dan penyakit, sehingga hasilnya lebih berfluktuasi dan tidak stabil. Dengan demikian perlu dirakit varietas padi hibrida dengan menggunakan galur padi hasil pemuliaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Padi (Balitpa) yang telah beradaptasi baik di Indonesia. Galur-galur tersebut perlu diidentifikasi sebelum digunakan sebagai tetua padi hibrida dengan cara diuji silang. PENDAHULUANSalah satu upaya dalam peningkatan hasil padi adalah dengan penanaman varietas hibrida. Saat ini Indonesia mulai menerapkan teknologi padi hibrida secara komersial. Untuk membentuk padi hibrida diperlukan penggunaan galur mandul jantan dalam persilangan. Galur mandul jantan yang paling banyak digunakan di beberapa negara yang mengembangkan padi hibrida adalah galur mandul jantan sitoplasmik (cytoplasmic male-sterile line) atau disebut juga sistem tiga galur karena melibatkan tiga galur tetua dalam persilangan, masing-masing galur mandul jantan sitoplasmik, galur pemulih kesuburan, dan galur pemelihara mandul jantan (Yuan 1998).Padi hibrida yang berkembang di Indonesia, baik yang dihasilkan oleh institusi pemerintah maupun swasta, berasal dari galur-galur tetua introduksi. Biasanya varietas/galur introduksi lebih peka terhadap perubahan kondisi lingkungan, terutama hama penyakit, sehingga hasilnya lebih berfluktuasi dan tidak stabil. Dengan demikian perlu dirakit varietas padi hibrida yang lebih sesuai dengan kondisi lingkungan di Indonesia. Hal tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan varietas/galur yang telah beradapsi di Indonesia sebagai bahan genetik. Bahan genetik tersebut berupa varietas unggul dan galur-galur yang dihasilkan dalam program pemuliaan padi konvensional (inbrida).

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Identifikasi Galur-galur Elit Padi (Oryza sativa) untuk Tetua Padi Hibrida

Nugraha¹,

Lubis²,

Diredja³

2017

BPN

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“…As a staple crop for human food, many efforts have been made to improve the yield and seed quality of rice by breeding [21]. QTL and map-based cloning were used to identify genes associated with agricultural traits.…”

Section: The Homozygous T-dna Insertion Population Provides a Good Rementioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, many genes related to important agronomic traits and seed qualities have been identified through breeding and genetic transformation protocols [1,5,18], and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and mapbased cloning have been applied to identify loci associated with seed quality control [19,20]. Chinese geneticists and breeders have made great progress in the hybrid rice technology [21], and marker-assisted selection has been widely used to pyramid functional genes into popular hybrid rice cultivars to improve the seed quality [22,23]. As a multifactorial trait, modulations of genes involved in photosynthesis, plant architecture and transcriptional networks controlling plant development were proved to be effective in improving seed quality [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on rice seed quality through analysis of a large-scale T-DNA insertion population

et al. 2009

Cell Res

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A rice (Oryza sativa) T-DNA insertion population, which included more than 63 000 independent transgenic lines and 8 840 identified flanking sequence tags (FSTs) that were mapped onto the rice genome, was developed to systemically study the rice seed quality control. Genome-wide analysis of the FST distribution showed that T-DNA insertions were positively correlated with expressed genes, but negatively with transposable elements and small RNAs. In addition, the recovered T-DNAs were preferentially located at the untranslated region of the expressed genes. More than 11 000 putative homozygous lines were obtained through multi-generations of planting and resistance screening, and measurement of seed quality of around half of them, including the contents of starch, amylose, protein and fat, with a nondestructive near-infrared spectroscopy method, identified 551 mutants with unique or multiple altered parameters of seed quality. Analysis of the corresponding FSTs showed that genes participating in diverse functions, including metabolic processes and transcriptional regulation, were involved, indicating that seed quality is regulated by a complex network. IntroductionRice (Oryza sativa), as a wholesome and nutritious cereal grain, provides the staple food for more than half of the world's population [1]. Along with the growth of economies and population throughout the world, there is an increasing demand for high-yield and high-quality rice. The grain quality of rice, including that of milling, appearance, cooking and eating, and nutrition, is determined by multiple physicochemical properties [2], and studies on the involved key genes and relevant regulatory mechanisms will help to illustrate the regulatory networks of rice quality control and benefit for the breeding efforts.Starch, which is composed of amylose and amylopectin, comprises ∼90% of dry endosperm of rice seed.The apparent amylose content (AAC) is recognized as an important determinant of the appearance and texture of grain [3]. Thai jasmine rice (KDML 105), one of the best-quality rice with good cooking and eating qualities, has low amylose content (AC) and medium gel consistency (GC) [4].The nutritional quality includes the proportions of protein, fat, mineral and other substances [5]. The rice protein is rich in methionine and cysteine, and compares favorably with proteins of other cereals, but is poor in lysine and threonine, making it an incomplete protein source for human infants [6]. Storage triacylglycerols are stored in oil bodies containing phospholipids and oleosins at the surface [7], and oil bodies are abundant in embryo and aleurone layer of rice seed. However, the aleurone layer is usually removed by milling because it turns rancid upon storage [8]. In addition, oil also influences other aspects of seed quality, and a recent report showed that the quality and viability of Arabidopsis seeds can be enhanced by suppressing phospholipase D [9].The near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology, which is based on the fact that several natural pr...

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“…The frequency of recombination can be significantly improved by re-hybridization of selected genotypes. This cyclical scheme of breeding is called periodic selection, when each cycle includes selection, the assessment of best individuals and subsequent hybridization of them (6)(7)(8). Periodic selection causes small repeated changes in the frequency of genes in population as a result of selection pressure and it is considered as effective if hybrids derived from improved secondary populations exceed hybrids of the initial population.…”

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confidence: 99%

REALIZATION OF GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY IN TOMATO (Licopersicon esculentum Mill.) IN THE GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS DURING PERIODIC SELECTION

Тарутина¹,

Mishin²,

Кавцевич³

et al. 2013

S-h. biol.

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S u m m a r yThe creation of heterotic hybrids by means of conjunction of necessary alleles as result of recombination -is one of the most promising ways of adaptive selection. The raising of frequency of recombination in tomato as self-pollinator, therefore, has large value. In the present article the authors study a model efficiency of intra-and interpopulation breeding in connection with degree of genetic variability in Licopersicon esculentum Mill. tomato lines for protected soil. The Start (24-Е × 12-В) and Nadezhda (24-Е × 21-17) indeterminant hybrids and their parents forms were used as initial material. The 24-E and 21-17 parental forms, obtained by 2-year inbreeding from the Vezha local variety and the Matra Holland variety, respectively, have high combination ability on main components of productivity. The 12-B form from collection of N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Growing, St. Petersburg has complex resistance to cladosporium and TMV. The crossing during obtaining F1 hybrids were made by hand. The results, obtained on F1 hybrids of Start and Nadezhda forms, were shown that used optimal schemes for periodical breeding with minimal inbreeding and regular hybridization increase the practical frequency of combination of necessary genes, influenced on productivity and resistance to diseases, and may be used for improvement of parental forms and rising of heterosis effect in hybrids. The isolated in two cycles periodical selection the F1 hybrids excelled the initial hybrids in productivity of 6-10 % and kept the complex resistance to TMV and cladosporium, that suggests about an efficiency of present models in tomato breeding for heterosis.Keywords: heterosis, tomato, green house, recurrent selection.Creation of heterotic hybrids is a promising approach currently used in the adaptive breeding of various crops including tomato (1). In the literature data, mechanisms of heterosis are primarily associated with genetically determined additive effects and domination, and in some cases -overdominance and epistasis (2-5). In this regard, breeding program result in viable forms with balanced genetic systems and broad adaptivity if the initial population has desirable alleles that can be recombined in subsequent generations to provide a desired result.Increasing the frequency of recombination is especially important in tomato, a self-pollinator with low probability of crosspollination. The frequency of recombination can be significantly improved by re-hybridization of selected genotypes. This cyclical scheme of breeding is called periodic selection, when each cycle includes selection, the assessment of best individuals and subsequent hybridization of them (6-8). Periodic selection causes small repeated changes in the frequency of genes in population as a result of selection pressure and it is considered as effective if hybrids derived from improved secondary populations exceed hybrids of the initial population. Periodic selection uses intra-and interpopulational methods (9) that, in t...

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Heterosis and Hybrid Rice Breeding

Cited by 108 publications

References 0 publications

Identifikasi Galur-galur Elit Padi (Oryza sativa) untuk Tetua Padi Hibrida

Identifikasi Galur-galur Elit Padi (Oryza sativa) untuk Tetua Padi Hibrida

Studies on rice seed quality through analysis of a large-scale T-DNA insertion population

REALIZATION OF GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY IN TOMATO (Licopersicon esculentum Mill.) IN THE GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS DURING PERIODIC SELECTION

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