Heterosexual Transmission of Hiv Infection

Carne, Christopher; Weller, I. V. D.; Sonnex, C; Johnson, Anne M; Petherick, Anne; Adler, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(87)93072-8

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The Lancet

1987

DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)93072-8

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Heterosexual Transmission of Hiv Infection

Christopher Carne

I. V. D. Weller

C Sonnex

et al.

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1991

1997

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Cited by 6 publications

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“…If this is confirmed in a larger and more scientifically sound survey, then the potential for HIV to become a heterosexual disease would be considerably modified.Homosexual men in the UK have modified their behaviour. Studies carried out at the Middlesex Hospital show that there was originally a very rapid rise in seroprevalence between 1982 and 1984 amongst homosexual men attending the department of genito-urinary medicine but that at the beginning of 1986 the seroprevalence flattened off at 25 per cent and has remained at this level twelve months later[21]. In parallel, the rate of gonorrhoea in homosexual men has dropped dramatically from 15 to 5 per cent.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of HIV infection

Weissenbacher²

1997

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Objectives: Encapsulated bacteria like Haemophilus influenzae (Hi), Streptococcus pneumoniae (Stp) and Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) are the main causative agents of invasive diseases in children.For the introduction of regular vaccination, against Hib, we have to know the epidemiology and serotypes of these bacteria which persist in Slovenia.Methods: The invasive strains isolated h m sterile body fluids of all three bacteria in children h m 0 to 14 years of age have been intentionally collected in Slovenia. The strains were typed with ddferent methods slide agglutination, coagglutination, dot-blot, ET typing and capsular swelling reaction. Results:The most common types/serogroupes are: type b for Hi, serogroup B for Nm and types 14, 19, 23, 6, 4, 18 and 7 for Stp. From the results of ET typing for Nm, we can conclude, that the strains are very heterogenues with only 4 ETs represented by more than one suain. The inwive diseases are the most common in children h m 0 to 1 years of age with Hi as the most frequent causative agent, than Nm and finally Stp. The average incidence of all three bacteria in children &om 0-14 years old was 12.7 that means 5.07 for Hi; 4.43 for Stp and 2.90 for Nm. The mortality rate was the same for Hi and Stp (0.18) and halflower for Nm (0.90).Conclusions: So far Hib vaccination is recommended for children with fkequent or chronic illness. The decision about introduction of Hib vaccination into the national immunization programme d depend on cost/benefit analyses.The etiology of 31 11 episodes of bacteremia occurring in ten hospitals in 1991 were analyzed. The leading pathogens were Escherichia coli (32.8%). Mebsiella spp. (13.7%), Staphyfocorncc aureus (8.3%), Pseudomonac aeruginosa (6.1%) and Enterobacter (4.0%). Enferobadm'aceae were more commonly isolated from regional hospid, Vibrionaceae and non-fermentative gram-negadve bacilli were more commonly isolated h m medical centers. For geographic distribution, Vibrio spp., was more commonly isolated in southern Taiwan. Substantial ddferences were noted in the distribution of organisms in Mer-

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of HIV infection

Weissenbacher²

1997

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Unlinked surveillance of the prevalence of HIV infection in antenatal patients in the west Midlands, England

Ala

Smillie

Nicholson

et al. 1991

Journal of Medical Virology

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In the course of an unlinked, anonymous survey of anti-HIV seroprevalence among antenatal patients in the West Midlands, carried out between November 1986 and March 1990, seven out of 202,012 patient samples were anti-HIV seropositive. Although the numbers of women infected by heterosexual contact are still low in this region, it is likely that HIV infection is no longer limited to well-defined, male risk groups. It is therefore increasingly important to monitor the course of the epidemic through large-scale unbiased surveys of the heterosexual population in order to plan future preventive and health-care strategies.

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The HIV test and sexual behaviour in a sample of homosexually active men

Dawson¹,

Fitzpatrick²,

McLean

et al. 1991

Social Science & Medicine

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Heterosexual Transmission of Hiv Infection

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Epidemiology of HIV infection

Epidemiology of HIV infection

Unlinked surveillance of the prevalence of HIV infection in antenatal patients in the west Midlands, England

The HIV test and sexual behaviour in a sample of homosexually active men

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