Heterorhabditidoides chongmingensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae), a novel member of the entomopathogenic nematodes

Zhang, Chongxing; Jing-rui, Liu; Xu, Mingxu; Sun, Jiazhi; Yang, Shou-Yun; An, Xianhui; Gao, Guofu; Lin, Mao; Lai, Ren; He, Ziyi; Wu, Yi; Zhang, Keyun

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2008.02.011

Cited by 76 publications

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References 49 publications

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“…and the phylogenetically closest known species of Oscheius lie in the unique bursal characteristics of male individuals, the formula and form of bursal papillae (i.e., jagged, partly microvilli-shaped, and joined with the bursal rim), and the well-developed median bulb. The new species has a shorter body length compared with close Oscheius species (Poinar, 1986;Ye et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2012): the mean length of females of O. microvilli n. sp., O. myriophilus, O.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…EPNs of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are characterized by carrying specific symbiotic bacterial strains of genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, respectively, in their intestines, whereas species of Heterorhabditidoides (=Oscheius, family Rhabditidae) carry symbiotic bacterial strains of Serratia in both the intestine and the cuticle (Kaya and Gaugler, 1993;Zhang et al, 2008Zhang et al, , 2009Zhang et al, , 2012. Phylogenetic trees based on 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences indicate that species of the genus Oscheius can be divided into three groups, the dolichura group, insectivora group, and Heterorhabditidoides group (Ye et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Phylogenetic trees based on 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences indicate that species of the genus Oscheius can be divided into three groups, the dolichura group, insectivora group, and Heterorhabditidoides group (Ye et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2012). Several EPN species, all symbiotic with bacterial strains of Serratia, have been found in the Heterorhabditidoides group (Heterorhabditidoides (=Oscheius) chongmingensis and H. rugaoensis) and the insectivora group (Oscheius carolinensis) (Zhang et al, 2008;Ye et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oscheius microvilli n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): A Facultatively Pathogenic Nematode from Chongming Island, China

Zhou

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Journal of Nematology

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A new species, Oscheius microvilli n. sp., was found on Chongming Island (Shanghai, China). The new species is morphologically similar to the type strain of Oscheius myriophilus, but can be distinguished from it and other species of Oscheius on the basis of unique morphological characteristics of the bursa as well as male papillae. In this new species, the male bursal papillar formula is 2, 1, 3, 3 with everted tips in the first, fifth, and seventh pairs. The bursal rim is jagged, joins together anterior to the spicules, and is partially extended and decorated with microvilli. The spicules are incompletely separated, and the tail does not extend beyond the bursa. Phylogenetic trees of 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer indicate that the new species belongs to the insectivora group of the genus Oscheius; it is most closely related to O. myriophilus, and the two species can be distinguished on the basis of their different body length, morphological features of the bursa, and molecular data. The new species is facultatively associated with a bacterial strain of Serratia. The LC 50 of this novel nematode against Galleria mellonella was 69.1 dauer juveniles per milliliter after 48 hr of infection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Oscheius microvilli n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): A Facultatively Pathogenic Nematode from Chongming Island, China

Zhou

Yang

Wang

et al. 2017

Journal of Nematology

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“…As C. briggsae has not met the suggested criteria, it should not be considered an EPN, facultative or otherwise, until heritability of the pathogenic bacteria is demonstrated and more is known about bacterial release and speed of host death. Our suggested criteria have been tested and met for both O. chongmingensis and O. carolinensis (Zhang et al, 2008 andYe, 2010). Therefore, these taxa should be considered EPNs even though further research is required to determine the nature and heritability of their bacterial associations, and whether they are obligate or facultative EPNs.…”

Section: Phylogeny Of Epnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic nematode as a biocontrol agent – Recent trends – A Review

Chitra¹,

Sujatha²,

Jeyasankar³

2017

Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci

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Safety and environmentalcal insecticide issues surrounding the use of chemical insecticides has led to an emphasis on developing alternative control measures such as entomopathogens and their products. Entomopathogenic nematodeare effective biopesticide which can be incorporated in IPM programs because they are considered non-toxic to humans, relatively specific to their target pests and can be applied with standard pesticide equipment. Entomopthogenic nematodes have proven to be the most effective as biological control organisms. Entomopathogenic nematodes have been released extensively in crop fields with negligible effects on non target insects and are regarded as exceptionally safe to the environment. Our focus in this paper was to review mechanism and pathogencity of nematode, phylogeny of nematode for Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. Steinernematidae is represented by the genera Steinernema and Neosteinernema and Heterorhabditidae is represented by the genus Heterorhabditis. They are associated with mutualistic bacteria in the genus Xenorhabdus for Steinernema and Photorhabdus for Heterorhabditis. Thus, it is a nematode bacterium complex that works together as a biological control unit to kill an insect host by penetrating the host through natural opening and there by releasing the bacterial symbiont which spread and multiply in the haemolymph of the insect pest and kill them by septicemia. Infective juvenile entomopathogenic nematode locate their hosts in soil by means of two strategies-ambusing and crusing. Nematode employs different foraging strategies to locate and infect hosts. Genetic diversity may be lost, or genetic variation may have been limited during collection or lost during importation and rearing. A serious problem for EPNs is founder effect because only a limited number of insect cadavers are collected at single geographical sites, resulting in reduced genetic variance. EPNs have been most efficacious in habitats that provide protection from environmental extremes, especially in soil, which is their natural habitat and in cryptic habitats. Excellent control has been archived against plant-boring insects because their cryptic habitats are favorable for nematode survival and infectivity. In developing biocontrol programs using EPNs, one mechanism to increase the chance of success is to screen novel nematode species or strains for potential efficacy against particular target pests.

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“…For transmission between insect hosts, the bacteria colonize the intestine of the nematode's infective juvenile stage [6][7][8] . Recently, several other nematode species have been shown to utilize bacteria to kill insects [9][10][11][12][13] , and investigations have begun examining the interactions between the nematodes and bacteria in these systems 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing Bacteria in Nematodes using Fluorescent Microscopy

Murfin

Chaston

Goodrich-Blair

2012

JoVE

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Symbioses, the living together of two or more organisms, are widespread throughout all kingdoms of life. As two of the most ubiquitous organisms on earth, nematodes and bacteria form a wide array of symbiotic associations that range from beneficial to pathogenic [1][2][3] . One such association is the mutually beneficial relationship between Xenorhabdus bacteria and Steinernema nematodes, which has emerged as a model system of symbiosis 4 . Steinernema nematodes are entomopathogenic, using their bacterial symbiont to kill insects 5 . For transmission between insect hosts, the bacteria colonize the intestine of the nematode's infective juvenile stage [6][7][8] . Recently, several other nematode species have been shown to utilize bacteria to kill insects [9][10][11][12][13] , and investigations have begun examining the interactions between the nematodes and bacteria in these systems 9 .We describe a method for visualization of a bacterial symbiont within or on a nematode host, taking advantage of the optical transparency of nematodes when viewed by microscopy. The bacteria are engineered to express a fluorescent protein, allowing their visualization by fluorescence microscopy. Many plasmids are available that carry genes encoding proteins that fluoresce at different wavelengths (i.e. green or red), and conjugation of plasmids from a donor Escherichia coli strain into a recipient bacterial symbiont is successful for a broad range of bacteria. The methods described were developed to investigate the association between Steinernema carpocapsae and Xenorhabdus nematophila 14 . Similar methods have been used to investigate other nematode-bacterium associations 9,[15][16][17][18] and the approach therefore is generally applicable.The method allows characterization of bacterial presence and localization within nematodes at different stages of development, providing insights into the nature of the association and the process of colonization 14,16,19 . Microscopic analysis reveals both colonization frequency within a population and localization of bacteria to host tissues 14,16,[19][20][21] . This is an advantage over other methods of monitoring bacteria within nematode populations, such as sonication 22 or grinding 23 , which can provide average levels of colonization, but may not, for example, discriminate populations with a high frequency of low symbiont loads from populations with a low frequency of high symbiont loads. Discriminating the frequency and load of colonizing bacteria can be especially important when screening or characterizing bacterial mutants for colonization phenotypes 21,24 . Indeed, fluorescence microscopy has been used in high throughput screening of bacterial mutants for defects in colonization 17,18 , and is less laborious than other methods, including sonication 22,[25][26][27] and individual nematode dissection 28,29 . Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Heterorhabditidoides chongmingensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae), a novel member of the entomopathogenic nematodes

Cited by 76 publications

References 49 publications

Oscheius microvilli n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): A Facultatively Pathogenic Nematode from Chongming Island, China

Oscheius microvilli n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditidae): A Facultatively Pathogenic Nematode from Chongming Island, China

Entomopathogenic nematode as a biocontrol agent – Recent trends – A Review

Visualizing Bacteria in Nematodes using Fluorescent Microscopy

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