Heteropagus (parasitic) twins: a review

Sharma, Gaurav; Mobin, Sheila S. Nazarian; Lypka, Michael; Urata, Mark M.

doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.07.002

Cited by 63 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Embryonic "fission" (incomplete fission of the blastocyst inner cell mass during the primitive streak stage, 13 to 15 days post fertilization, results in 2 centers of axial growth that retain a connection at some point) and "fusion" (2 originally distinct inner cell masses that coalesce secondarily at a later stage) www.slcog.lk/sljog are the two widely accepted theories of forming conjoint twins. 2 It is thought that vascular compromise causes tissue of the parasitic twin to become dependent on collaterals derived from the autosite. Compromised portion of the parasite undergoes selective ischaemic atrophy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compromised portion of the parasite undergoes selective ischaemic atrophy. 2 Depending on the type of connection between twins, different variants of heterophagus twins are described. Most frequent variety involves union between the thorax and umbilicus termed "epigastric" or "omphalophagus".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fusion at the hip and spine is termed "ischiophagus" and "rachiphagus" accordingly and least reported variety is "craniophagus" twins where fusion is at the heads. 2 The above case is a rachiphagus parasitic twin where the connection is sited at the thoraco lumbar spine region of the autosite. There was no functional motor activity in the accessory limb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…None of the parasites showed any capacity for movements. 2 One case has reported absent musculature. 4 It is thought that deficiency of nerve supply resulted in failure of myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other terms used to describe this condition are "asymmetric conjoined," "partial (or incomplete) conjoined," "parasitic," and "exoparasitic". 2 As this clinical situation is rare perhaps it may not be possible to experiences this type of patient in a life time of an obstetrician, thus we report a case of a heterophagus twin with an abnormal growth similar to a limb presented as a footling breech.…”

Section: Sumanathissa Rpj 3 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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A rare case of heterophagus twin presented as a footling breech

Gnanarathne¹,

Perera

Sumanathissa

2017

Sri Lanka J Obstet & Gynae

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sumanathissa Rpj 3 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A rare case of heterophagus twin presented as a footling breech

Gnanarathne¹,

Perera

Sumanathissa

2017

Sri Lanka J Obstet & Gynae

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Conjoined twins: A worldwide collaborative epidemiological study of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research

Mutchinick

Luna‐Muñoz

Amar³

et al. 2011

American J of Med Genetics Pt C

168

161

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Conjoined twins (CT) are a very rare developmental accident of uncertain etiology. Prevalence has been previously estimated to be 1 in 50,000 to 1 in 100,000 births. The process by which monozygotic twins do not fully separate but form CT is not well understood. The purpose of the present study was to analyze diverse epidemiological aspects of CT, including the different variables listed in the Introduction Section of this issue of the Journal. The study was made possible using the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR) structure. This multicenter worldwide research includes the largest sample of CT ever studied. A total of 383 carefully reviewed sets of CT obtained from 26,138,837 births reported by 21 Clearinghouse Surveillance Programs (SP) were included in the analysis. Total prevalence was 1.47 per 100,000 births (95% CI: 1.32-1.62). Salient findings including an evident variation in prevalence among SPs: a marked variation in the type of pregnancy outcome, a similarity in the proportion of CT types among programs: a significant female predominance in CT: particularly of the thoracopagus type and a significant male predominance in parapagus and parasitic types: significant differences in prevalence by ethnicity and an apparent increasing prevalence trend in South American countries. No genetic, environmental or demographic significant associated factors were identified. Further work in epidemiology and molecular research is necessary to understand the etiology and pathogenesis involved in the development of this fascinating phenomenon of nature.

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Conjoined twins and conjoined triplets: At the heart of the matter

Oostra

Schepens‐Franke

Magno

et al. 2022

Birth Defects Research

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Conjoined triplets are among the rarest of human malformations, as are asymmetric or parasitic conjoined twins. Based on a very modest corpus of recent literature, we applied the embryonic disk model of conjoined twinning to 10 previously reported cases involving asymmetric anatomical multiplications to determine whether they concerned conjoined twins or conjoined triplets. In spite of their phenotypic similarities, we diagnosed four of these cases as conjoined twins and three of them as conjoined triplets. In the remaining three cases, no definite diagnosis could be made, as essential information was lacking from the reports. We conclude that it is not necessarily the expected duplication or triplication of structures that points to the correct diagnosis in these cases, but the number and mutual position of the hearts they presented with. Considering their rarity we stress to thoroughly investigate and describe internal (dys)morphology in novel cases of (asymmetric) conjoined twins and triplets to further unravel their pathogenicity and come to the correct diagnoses.

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Heteropagus (parasitic) twins: a review

Cited by 63 publications

References 62 publications

A rare case of heterophagus twin presented as a footling breech

A rare case of heterophagus twin presented as a footling breech

Conjoined twins: A worldwide collaborative epidemiological study of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research

Conjoined twins and conjoined triplets: At the heart of the matter

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