Heterologous production of chondroitin

Couto, Márcia R.; Rodrigues, Joana Lúcia Lima Correia; Rodrigues, L. R.

doi:10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00710

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 214 publications

(254 reference statements)

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“…The animal-sourced polysaccharides with antiviral interest can be broadly grouped into several classes of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) mucopolysaccharides with polyanionic character, made of a linear chain of two repeating sugar units, a N-acetylated or N-sulfated hexosamine (glucosamine or galactosamine) and either a uronic acid (glucuronic acid or iduronic acid) or galactose. The four main GAGs notable for their potential against coronaviruses are the heparins, the chondroitin sulfates, the dermatan sulfates/keratan sulfates, and the hyaluronans [44,45]. However, the sulfated polysaccharides, which retain their antiviral activity due to their anionic charge, a counter to the positive charge of the pathogen surface receptors [46], are predominantly the marine polysaccharides extracted from algae [47].…”

Section: Polysaccharides As Guardians: Exploring Their Potential Agai...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharides and Lectins: A Natural Complementary Approach against the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Lefter,

Balyan,

Balmus

et al. 2024

Microbiology Research

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Infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has emerged as a global pandemic, with a high toll on casualties, economic impact, and human lifestyle. Despite the recent approval of various vaccines against the virus, challenges remain, including the limited availability of these vaccines, the prevalent rejection of vaccination by a large proportion of the population, and the recurrent appearance of new variants of the virus due to mutations. This context raises the alarm for scientists and clinicians to seek alternative and complementary therapies. In this context, natural products and their derivatives serve as reservoirs for potential therapeutic compounds that can be exploited in the research and production of antiviral drugs against COVID-19. Among these substances, lectin and polysaccharides isolated from fauna and flora emerge as complementary strategies for treating coronavirus infection. The review objective is to cover and analyze the specific role of polysaccharides and lectins and their synergy in the fight against this deadly SARS-CoV-2 virus. For this purpose, a primary literature search was conducted on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Sciences using relevant keywords like “SARS-CoV-2 Variants”; “Antiviral Strategies”; “Antiviral Polysaccharides”; “Antiviral Lectins”; and “Synergistic effect”. The results demonstrate that lectins and polysaccharides exhibit antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 via mechanisms related to binding and steric blocking, the binding of glycan-based decoys, chemical reactions, virus particle disruption strategies, and steric blocking for competitive inhibition to block SARS-CoV-2 and its variants’ entry. In addition, this review analyzes the rationale behind combining polysaccharides and lectins, emphasizing complementary mechanisms of action. By simultaneously targeting multiple stages of the viral life cycle, this dual strategy aims to comprehensively inhibit viral propagation and enhance the durability of antiviral strategies over time.

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Section: Polysaccharides As Guardians: Exploring Their Potential Agai...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysaccharides and Lectins: A Natural Complementary Approach against the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

Lefter,

Balyan,

Balmus

et al. 2024

Microbiology Research

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“…Likewise, chemoenzymatic synthesis has its own disadvantages such as the requirement of expensive enzymes and pure components [53]. Microbial engineering is less complicated, chemically defined, relatively cheap, poses little to no negative environmental effects, and provides less chances for disease transfer [54,55]. Microbial biosynthesis of these GAGs comes with its own challenges such as endogenous toxins in certain strains and noncompetitive yield.…”

Section: Microbial Synthesis Of Chondroitin and Chondroitin Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

Chondroitin Sulfate and Its Derivatives: A Review of Microbial and Other Production Methods

et al. 2022

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Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is widely used across the world as a nutraceutical and pharmaceutical. Its high demand and potential limitations in current methods of extraction call for an alternative method of production. This review highlights glycosaminoglycan’s structure, its medical significance, animal extraction source, and the disadvantages of the extraction process. We cover alternative production strategies for CS and its precursor, chondroitin. We highlight chemical synthesis, chemoenzymatic synthesis, and extensively discuss how strains have been successfully metabolically engineered to synthesize chondroitin and chondroitin sulfate. We present microbial engineering as the best option for modern chondroitin and CS production. We also explore the biosynthetic pathway for chondroitin production in multiple microbes such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Lastly, we outline how the manipulation of pathway genes has led to the biosynthesis of chondroitin derivatives.

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“… [6] states that trehalose, a biogenic cell-wall elicitor obtained from Trichoderma atroviride (TaCWE) showed significant induced disease resistance against leaf spot disease caused by A. brassicicola and plant growth promotion in the broccoli plants. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan that has been produced from microbial fermentation of engineered microbial strains to improve CS yields in different hosts and is used for a wide range of applications, especially as a supplement for the treatment of osteoarthritis diseases [7] . The Phyllanthus niruri -based nanoemulsion was formulated in the presence of 1% plant extract, 5% of Citrullus lanatus seed oil, and 1% of sodium alginate solution which exhibited significant antimicrobial potential against bacterial and fungal pathogens as per Pathania et al.…”

Section: Editorialmentioning

confidence: 99%