Heterologous overexpression of active hexokinases from microsporidia Nosema bombycis and Nosema ceranae confirms their ability to phosphorylate host glucose

Dolgikh, Viacheslav V.; Tsarev, Alexander; Timofeev, Sergey A.; Zhuravlyov, Vladimir S.

doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06279-w

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Localisation of these proteins has been observed in the extracellular coat of the meront, the host cytoplasm, as well as the host nucleus, suggesting a potential role in regulating transcription (Huang, Zheng, et al, 2018; Senderskiy et al, 2014). Microsporidia hexokinases can phosphorylate glucose with enzymatic properties similar to other hexokinases, suggesting that this enzyme is secreted to phosphorylate host glucose, which is then taken up by the parasite cell (Dolgikh, Tsarev, Timofeev, & Zhuravlyov, 2019). RNAi knockdown of this enzyme in N .…”

Section: Microsporidia Use Secreted Proteins To Interact With Its Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ins and outs of host‐microsporidia interactions during invasion, proliferation and exit

Jarkass

Reinke

2020

Cellular Microbiology

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Microsporidia are a large group of fungal-related obligate intracellular parasites. They are responsible for infections in humans as well as in agriculturally and environmentally important animals. Although microsporidia are abundant in nature, many of the molecular mechanisms employed during infection have remained enigmatic. In this review, we highlight recent work showing how microsporidia invade, proliferate and exit from host cells. During invasion, microsporidia use spore wall and polar tube proteins to interact with host receptors and adhere to the host cell surface. In turn, the host has multiple defence mechanisms to prevent and eliminate these infections. Microsporidia encode numerous transporters and steal host nutrients to facilitate proliferation within host cells. They also encode many secreted proteins which may modulate host metabolism and inhibit host cell defence mechanisms. Spores exit the host in a non-lytic manner that is dependent on host actin and endocytic recycling proteins. Together, this work provides a fuller picture of the mechanisms that these fascinating organisms use to infect their hosts.

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Section: Microsporidia Use Secreted Proteins To Interact With Its Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ins and outs of host‐microsporidia interactions during invasion, proliferation and exit

Jarkass

Reinke

2020

Cellular Microbiology

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“…Actually, the hexokinase in N. bombycis has two isoforms; the other isoform (Accession No. EOB11276.1) can be secreted into the host cell as a secreted protein (Huang et al 2018) and phosphorylate glucose in infected cells (Dolgikh et al 2019), indicating that N. bombycis can acquire energy from the host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on hexokinases from microsporidia N. bombycis and Nosema ceranae Fries, Feng, da Silva, Slemenda et Pieniazek, 1996 demonstrated the capability of microsporidia-secreted HKs to phosphorylate glucose in infected cells, suggesting that they actively mediate the effects of the parasite on host metabolism (Dolgikh et al 2019). Nosema bombycis has two hexokinase isoforms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification and subcellular localisation of hexokinase-2 in Nosema bombycis

et al. 2020

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Hexokinase (HXK) is the first key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and plays an extremely important role in energy metabolism. By searching the microsporidian database, we found a sequence (NBO_27g0008) of Nosema bombycis Nägali, 1857 with high similarity to hexokinase-2, and named it as NbHXK2. The NbHXK2 gene has 894 bp and encodes 297 amino acids with 34.241 kD molecular weight and 5.26 isoelectric point. NbHXK2 contains 31 phosphorylation sites and 4 potential N-glycosylation sites with signal peptides and no transmembrane domain. Multiple sequence alignment showed that NbHXK2 shares more than 40% amino acid identity with that of other microsporidia, and the homology with hexokinase-2 of Nosema

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“…Another key nutrient used by microsporidia in insect hosts seems to be phosphatidic acid [ 137 ]. In addition, proliferative stages can secrete enzymes such as hexokinase, which is thought to promote anabolic metabolism in the host [ 138 ]. Microsporidia can suppress one main insect host defence, the melanisation pathway, by inhibiting the enzyme Phenoloxidase (PO).…”

Section: Protist Parasites Including Microsporidia Within the Eu Rear...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protists in the Insect Rearing Industry: Benign Passengers or Potential Risk?

Bessette

Williams

2022

Insects

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As the insects for food and feed industry grows, a new understanding of the industrially reared insect microbiome is needed to better comprehend the role that it plays in both maintaining insect health and generating disease. While many microbiome projects focus on bacteria, fungi or viruses, protists (including microsporidia) can also make up an important part of these assemblages. Past experiences with intensive invertebrate rearing indicate that these parasites, whilst often benign, can rapidly sweep through populations, causing extensive damage. Here, we review the diversity of microsporidia and protist species that are found in reared insect hosts and describe the current understanding of their host spectra, life cycles and the nature of their interactions with hosts. Major entomopathogenic parasite groups with the potential to infect insects currently being reared for food and feed include the Amoebozoa, Apicomplexa, Ciliates, Chlorophyta, Euglenozoa, Ichtyosporea and Microsporidia. However, key gaps exist in the understanding of how many of these entomopathogens affect host biology. In addition, for many of them, there are very limited or even no molecular data, preventing the implementation of molecular detection methods. There is now a pressing need to develop and use novel molecular tools, coupled with standard molecular diagnostic methods, to help unlock their biology and predict the effects of these poorly studied protist parasites in intensive insect rearing systems.

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Heterologous overexpression of active hexokinases from microsporidia Nosema bombycis and Nosema ceranae confirms their ability to phosphorylate host glucose

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

The ins and outs of host‐microsporidia interactions during invasion, proliferation and exit

The ins and outs of host‐microsporidia interactions during invasion, proliferation and exit

Identification and subcellular localisation of hexokinase-2 in Nosema bombycis

Protists in the Insect Rearing Industry: Benign Passengers or Potential Risk?

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