Heterojunction Photovoltaics Using GaAs Nanowires and Conjugated Polymers

Ren, Shenqiang; Zhao, Ni; Crawford, Samuel; Tambe, Michael; Bulović, Vladimir; Gradečak, Silvija

doi:10.1021/nl1030166

Cited by 102 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…139 Other nanocrystals were also used to fabricate hybrid devices, for example silicon nanocrystals, CdS, ZnO, GaAs, and PbS. [140][141][142][143][144][145] Conjugated polymers other than P3HT were used to enhance the absorption. For example, the low band gap polymer PCPDTBT:CdSe tetrapods blends generated a power conversion efficiency of $3.2% [ Fig.…”

Section: Polymer-inorganic Hybrid Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the morphology of polymer‐based photovoltaics

Liu

Jung

et al. 2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

308

248

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We review the morphologies of polymer-based solar cells and the parameters that govern the evolution of the morphologies and describe different approaches to achieve the optimum morphology for a BHJ OPV. While there are some distinct differences, there are also some commonalities. It is evident that morphology and the control of the morphology are important for device performance and, by controlling the thermodynamics, in particular, the interactions of the components, and by controlling kinetic parameters, like the rate of solvent evaporation, crystallization and phase separation, optimized morphologies for a given system can be achieved. While much research has focused on P3HT, it is evident that a clearer understanding of the morphology and the evolution of the morphology in low bad gap polymer systems will increase the efficiency further. While current OPVs are on the verge of breaking the 10% barrier, manipulating and controlling the morphology will still be key for device optimization and, equally important, for the fabrication of these devices in an industrial setting.

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Section: Polymer-inorganic Hybrid Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the morphology of polymer‐based photovoltaics

Liu

Jung

et al. 2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

308

248

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“…The Great attention has recently been drawn to developing costeffective, high efficiency solar cells to meet the ever increasing demand for clean energy. Dye/semiconductor sensitized solar cells, 1-11 organic solar cells, 12-15 and inorganic-organic hybrid solar cells [16][17][18][19][20][21] show promise among the novel photovoltaic devices. However, liquid electrolyte-based sensitized solar cells suffer from solvent leakage, and organic solar cells have the problem of short life-time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High performance hybrid solar cells sensitized by organolead halide perovskites

Cai

Xing

Yang

et al. 2013

Energy Environ. Sci.

604

418

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Solid state hybrid solar cells with hybrid organolead halide perovskites (CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 and CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) as light harvesters and p-type polymer poly[N-9-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-3,6-bis-(thiophen-5-yl)-2,5-dioctyl-2,5-di-hydropyrrolo [3,4-]pyrrole-1,4-dione](PCBTDPP) as a hole transporting material were studied. The Great attention has recently been drawn to developing costeffective, high efficiency solar cells to meet the ever increasing demand for clean energy. Dye/semiconductor sensitized solar cells, 1-11 organic solar cells, 12-15 and inorganic-organic hybrid solar cells [16][17][18][19][20][21] show promise among the novel photovoltaic devices. However, liquid electrolyte-based sensitized solar cells suffer from solvent leakage, and organic solar cells have the problem of short life-time. Hybrid solar cells present a possibility to overcome these disadvantages by using solid-state ptype hole transporting materials (HTM) in lieu of the liquid electrolyte.22-28 Most recently, research in this eld has achieved great progress: PCEs exceeding 5% have been obtained for solar cells consisting of Sb 2 S 3 nanocrystals as the sensitizer, mesoscopic TiO 2 as the n-type electron transporting material (ETM) and p-type polymers as the HTM. 29,30Hybrid organolead halide perovskites are a class of semiconductors with ABX 3 (X ¼ Cl À , Br À , and I À ) structures consisting of lead cations in 6-fold coordination (B site), surrounded by an octahedron of halide anions (X site, face centered) together with the organic components in 12-fold cuboctahedral coordination (A site) (Fig. 1a). Their intrinsic properties can easily be tuned by tailoring the chemistry of the organic and inorganic components. 31,32 These hybrid perovskites have a direct band gap, a large absorption coefficient as well as high carrier mobility. Especially notable is that they can be synthesized by simple solution approaches, a very attractive characteristic for fabricating cost-effective solar cells. Miyasaka et al. 33 have pioneered their application in sensitized solar cells in a liquid electrolyte system, and a high efficiency of 6.5% was reported later. Unfortunately the performance of the solar cells degraded very rapidly due to the dissolution of perovskite sensitizers in the liquid electrolyte.34 A breakthrough was

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“…15 Semiconductor nanowires (NWs) with high aspect ratio are particularly attractive for use in hybrid solar cells because they offer direct charge pathways to electrodes, large surface areas, high carrier mobility along the nanowires, and chemical and physical stability. 1,3,10,12,16,17 However, the charge transport in such nanowires has been shown to be strongly affected by the presence of surface defect states 18−20 that act as charge traps. A number of methods have therefore been devised to passivate such traps, including overgrowing the NWs surface with a layer of largebandgap semiconductor 18,21 or treatment with sulfides.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong Carrier Lifetime Enhancement in GaAs Nanowires Coated with Semiconducting Polymer

et al. 2012

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ABSTRACT:The ultrafast charge carrier dynamics in GaAs/ conjugated polymer type II heterojunctions are investigated using time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy at 10 K. By probing the photoluminescence at the band edge of GaAs, we observe strong carrier lifetime enhancement for nanowires blended with semiconducting polymers. The enhancement is found to depend crucially on the ionization potential of the polymers with respect to the Fermi energy level at the surface of the GaAs nanowires. We attribute these effects to electron doping by the polymer which reduces the unsaturated surfacestate density in GaAs. We find that when the surface of nanowires is terminated by native oxide, the electron injection across the interface is greatly reduced and such surface doping is absent. Our results suggest that surface engineering via π-conjugated polymers can substantially improve the carrier lifetime in nanowire hybrid heterojunctions with applications in photovoltaics and nanoscale photodetectors.

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Heterojunction Photovoltaics Using GaAs Nanowires and Conjugated Polymers

Cited by 102 publications

References 39 publications

On the morphology of polymer‐based photovoltaics

On the morphology of polymer‐based photovoltaics

High performance hybrid solar cells sensitized by organolead halide perovskites

Strong Carrier Lifetime Enhancement in GaAs Nanowires Coated with Semiconducting Polymer

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