Heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta Catalyst Based on Neodymium for the Stereospecific Polymerization of Butadiene

Stereospecific polymerization of olefins with supported Ziegler − Natta catalysts

“…Stereospecific PBds (Scheme ) synthesized with different supported Z‐N catalyst systems are summarized in Table . In the last decade, Boisson and colleagues reported that silica‐supported Nd catalysts showed high activity (1188 g polym (g cata ) −1 h −1 ) even at a very low Nd concentration of around 10 ppm with respect to the stereospecific polymerization of butadiene ( cis ‐1,4 > 99%) . The synthetic cis ‐1,4 PBd presented good properties such as abrasion resistance, crack resistance, resilience, and low hysteresis and heat buildup, and is widely applied in hoses, shoe soles and tire sidewalls.…”

“…Hua et al reported that the synthesis of PI with a high content of cis ‐1,4 (>98%) was conducted by using a novel C‐60‐supported Nd catalyst system in combination with Al(i‐Bu) 3 . Boisson and colleagues reported that a high molecular weight PI with a high cis ‐1,4 content of 96.1% was successfully synthesized with the silica‐supported Nd catalyst system . In order to reduce the metal contaminants of the rubbers, a polymer‐supported Z‐N catalyst (polystyrene‐supported TiCl 4 /AlEt 2 Cl) was applied to catalyze isoprene polymerization and showed the same or slightly greater catalytic activity compared with the unsupported Z‐N catalyst, and living polymerization characteristics due to lack of transfer and termination reaction in the network of polymer supports were reported …”

“…In the last decade, Boisson and colleagues reported that silica-supported Nd catalysts showed high activity (1188 g polym (g cata ) −1 h −1 ) even at a very low Nd concentration of around 10 ppm with respect to the stereospecific polymerization of butadiene (cis-1,4 > 99%). 56,57 The synthetic cis-1,4 PBd presented good properties such as abrasion resistance, crack resistance, resilience, and low hysteresis and heat buildup, and is widely applied in hoses, shoe soles and tire sidewalls. Then a patent reported the successful preparation of carbon-nanotubesupported Nd catalyst and high cis-1,4-PBd was synthesized with a molecular weight range of 10 000 − 2 000 000 and excellent mechanical properties such as elasticity and durability.…”

Soluble neodymium chloride 2-ethylhexanol complex as a highly active catalyst for controlled isoprene polymerization

“…Kwag et al [9] prepared nanosized NdCl 3 as a state of colloid in a nonpolar medium and found that its catalytic activity was comparable to that of the ternary Nd-based catalyst. Barbotin et al [10] reported improved activity of binary system by supporting NdCl 3 on Lewis acid treated silica. NdCl 3 $3TBP (tributyl phosphate) was soluble in toluene, but toxicity and negative effect of toluene on activity and molecular weight of the resulting polymer make it unfavorable in practical application [11].…”

Local structure analysis around the Nd center in a ternary catalyst comprising Nd(vers)3, Al(iBu)3 and Al(iBu)2Cl by XAFS

“…Rare earth catalysts 1 have attracted considerable interest in the area of butadiene polymerization because they can control the molecular weight, molecular weight distribution (MWD), and stereoselectivity 8 of the polymer. A suitable catalyst plays a vital role in the synthesis of high-performance rubber.…”