Heterogeneous wealth distribution, round-trip trading and the emergence of volatility clustering in Speculation Game

Abstract

This study is a detailed analysis of Speculation Game, a minimal agent-based model of financial markets, in which the round-trip trading and the dynamic wealth evolution with variable trading volumes are implemented. Instead of herding behavior, we find that the emergence of volatility clustering can be induced by the heterogeneous wealth distribution among traders. In particular, the spontaneous redistribution of market wealth through repetitions of roundtrip trades can widen the wealth disparity and establish the Pareto distribution of the capital size. In the meantime, large fluctuations in price return are brought on by the intermittent placements of the relatively big orders from rich traders. Empirical data are used to support the scenario derived from the model.