Heterogeneous transesterification processes by using CaO supported on zinc oxide as basic catalysts

Alba, Ana Carolina; Santamaría‐González, J.; Mérida‐Robles, J.; Moreno‐Tost, Ramón; Martín-Alonso, David; Jiménez‐López, Antonio; Maireles‐Torres, Pedro

doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2009.06.024

Cited by 144 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Among the transition metal oxides, zinc oxide was reported as one of the best catalysts for trans-esterification due to its high activity and minimum weight loss in the reaction [54]. ZnO Nps have high catalytic activity and large surface area and this solid catalyst have more advantage to apply to a catalytic reaction in transesterification [55,56]. The biodiesel yield is more in Ag-ZnO Nps catalyzed trans-esterification reaction compare to ZnO Nps catalyzed reaction.…”

Section: Biodiesel Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical heavy metal detection, photocatalytic, photoluminescence, biodiesel production and antibacterial activities of Ag–ZnO nanomaterial

Nagaraju

Udayabhanu

Shivaraj

et al. 2017

Materials Research Bulletin

352

104

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Section: Biodiesel Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical heavy metal detection, photocatalytic, photoluminescence, biodiesel production and antibacterial activities of Ag–ZnO nanomaterial

Nagaraju

Udayabhanu

Shivaraj

et al. 2017

Materials Research Bulletin

352

104

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“…It is reported that potassium can be easily leached from the KOH/Al 2 O 3 and KOH/NaY catalysts in the transesterification process, and this leached metals create some homogeneous catalytic activities and require removal from the final product [20]. Among solid base catalysts, calcium-based catalysts are shown to be a promising catalyst and have been widely investigated in the transesterification reaction due to their high activity and low cost [21][22][23]. However, the dissolution of the catalyst in the reaction media is concerned to hinder the benefits of its heterogeneous nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Preparation from Soybean Oil by Using a Heterogeneous CaxMg2−xO2 Catalyst

2012

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An effective heterogeneous catalyst, Ca x Mg 2-x O 2 , was prepared and tested for soybean oil transesterification with methanol. The catalysts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction , Fourier transform infrared spectra, thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis , and Hammett indicator method. The catalyst with Ca/Mg ratio of 1.0 and calcined at 800°C exhibited high catalytic activities. Under the suitable transesterification conditions (methanol/oil ratio 12:1, catalyst loading 6 wt%, reaction time 5 h, at reflux of methanol), the oil conversion of 91.3% could be achieved. The catalyst can be easily recovered and reused without significant deactivation.

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“…If a catalyst is weakly promoting the transesterification reaction, higher reaction temperatures will be needed to carry the reactants through the transesterification reaction. In low activity catalyst conditions, agitation rate or reaction times are affected negatively, resulting in the need of higher mixing agitation rates or longer reaction times [59]. In contrast, transesterification studies reported by Boz and Kara [55] and Endalew et al [25], among others, show high BD yields working at 60°C with improved solid catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different authors presented high BD yields with high temperatures [54] and long reaction times [55], but the present study focused in BD production at rather mild conditions (low temperature and short reaction times). Temperature is an important factor as its increase or decrease affects the reaction yield [56][57][58] and will also affect the reaction time and agitation rate [59]. If a catalyst is weakly promoting the transesterification reaction, higher reaction temperatures will be needed to carry the reactants through the transesterification reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel from rapeseed oil (Brassica napus) by supported Li2O and MgO

Solis

Berkemar

Alejo

et al. 2016

Int J Energy Environ Eng

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Vegetable oils are a vast triglyceride source for biodiesel production; i.e. fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), with methanol and a catalyst via transesterification reaction. The aim of this work was to study heterogeneously catalysed biodiesel production with solid oxides such as mayenite (Ca 12 Al 14 O 33 ) and alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) as catalyst carriers using edible rapeseed oil as feedstock. These oxides were impregnated to have Li 2 O and MgO concentrations of 5-10 and 5-30 wt% on each carrier, respectively. The catalysts were characterized using N 2 -physisorption (BET/BJH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The synthesized catalysts were mesoporous ranging from 119 to 401 Å and their chemical phase composition was confirmed by the XRD. The catalyst coating (MgO/Li 2 O) was studied, along with the catalyst amount in the reactor and the assessment of the transesterification reaction kinetics. The reaction was studied at 60°C, atmospheric pressure, agitation rate of 180 rpm, and a reaction time of 2 h in a 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil. For each catalyst, loadings of 2.5, 5, and 10 wt% relative to the oil weight were evaluated. The highest biodiesel yield was obtained by 5 wt% (relative to oil weight) impregnated mayenite catalyst coated with 10 wt% of Li 2 O. The kinetic data fits to a pseudo-first-order model having a reaction rate constant equal to 0.045 min -1 under these mild reaction conditions.

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Heterogeneous transesterification processes by using CaO supported on zinc oxide as basic catalysts

Cited by 144 publications

References 30 publications

Electrochemical heavy metal detection, photocatalytic, photoluminescence, biodiesel production and antibacterial activities of Ag–ZnO nanomaterial

Electrochemical heavy metal detection, photocatalytic, photoluminescence, biodiesel production and antibacterial activities of Ag–ZnO nanomaterial

Biodiesel Preparation from Soybean Oil by Using a Heterogeneous CaxMg2−xO2 Catalyst

Biodiesel from rapeseed oil (Brassica napus) by supported Li2O and MgO

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