The electro-Fenton (EF) process was first proposed in 1996 and, since then, considerable development has been achieved for its application in wastewater treatment, especially at lab and pilot scale. After more than 25 years, the high efficiency, versatility and environmental compatibility of EF process has been demonstrated. In this review, bibliometrics has been adopted as a tool that allows quantifying the development of EF as well as introducing some useful correlations. As a result, information is summarized in a more visual manner that can be easily analyzed and interpreted as compared to conventional reviewing. During the recent decades under review, 83 countries have contributed to the dramatic growth of EF publications, with China, Spain and France leading the publication output. The top 12 most cited articles, along with the top 32 most productive authors in the EF field, have been screened. Four stages have been identified as main descriptors of the development of EF throughout these years, being each stage characterized by relevant breakthroughs. To conclude, a general cognitive model for the EF process is proposed, including atomic, microscopic and macroscopic views, and future perspectives are discussed.
Graphical abstract
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42823-022-00420-z.
The electro-Fenton (EF) process was first proposed in 1996 and, since then, considerable development has been achieved for its application in wastewater treatment, especially at lab and pilot scale. After more than 25 years, the high efficiency, versatility and environmental compatibility of EF process has been demonstrated. In this review, bibliometrics has been adopted as a tool that allows quantifying the development of EF as well as introducing some useful correlations. As a result, information is summarized in a more visual manner that can be easily analyzed and interpreted as compared to conventional reviewing. During the recent decades under review, 83 countries have contributed to the dramatic growth of EF publications, with China, Spain and France leading the publication output. The top 12 most cited articles, along with the top 32 most productive authors in the EF field, have been screened. Four stages have been identified as main descriptors of the development of EF throughout these years, being each stage characterized by relevant breakthroughs. To conclude, a general cognitive model for the EF process is proposed, including atomic, microscopic and macroscopic views, and future perspectives are discussed.
Graphical abstract
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42823-022-00420-z.
“…Furthermore, Ti is a low-performance HER catalyst [7], which helps prevent side reactions. Sun et al [8] used Ti/ PbO 2 composite electrodes to electrochemically treat malachite green-containing wastewaters and achieved 97.70% removal after 240 min. Yuan et al [9] experimentally studied the efects of current on H 2 O 2 generation in Ti/MMO working electrodes; they revealed that Ti/MMO electrodes exhibit high surface currents, which facilitate electron exchange between O 2 species and the cathode to promote H 2 O 2 generation.…”
Bismuth (Bi) is a highly reactive catalyst for the generation of hydroxyl (∙OH) radicals. Cathodes constructed from composites of Bi and carbon nanotube (CNT) exhibit high stability and low resistance, which enhance their electron transfer capability. In this work, a titanium substrate was coated with multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT/Ti) using electrophoretic deposition process, followed by electrodeposition of Bi onto the MWCNT-coated Ti (Bi/MWCNT/Ti). The effects of Bi electrodeposition time on the surface morphology of Bi/MWCNT/Ti cathodes were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the electrochemical characteristics of each cathode were identified via a series of electrochemical analyses further. The results demonstrated that electrodeposition at −0.85 V vs. Ag/AgCl for 5 min revealed uniform distribution of dense Bi across the surface of cathode, which provides better hydrophilicity for cathode and promotes highest electron transfer rates, respectively; when the Bi/MWCNT/Ti cathode was used as an electro-Fenton (EF) cathode, the EF system achieved a rhodamine B degradation rate of 80.8% after 30 min, which is a significant increase (83.63%) than the unmodified Ti cathode. The use of Bi in EF cathodes improves the efficiency of the EF process.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
