Heterogeneous Reactivity of Gaseous Nitric Acid on Al2O3, CaCO3, and Atmospheric Dust Samples:  A Knudsen Cell Study

Hänisch, F.; Crowley, John N.

doi:10.1021/jp001254+

Cited by 120 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Prospero et al, 1981) and confirmed by laboratory measurements (e.g. Hanisch and Crowley, 2001). The remaining part of the NO − 3 is found on particles between 0.8 and 1.7 µm, which are probably the smallest sea-salt particles.…”

Section: Aerosol Compositionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Fluxes of nitrates between snow surfaces and the atmosphere in the European high Arctic

Beine¹,

Dominé

Ianniello³

et al. 2003

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Measurements of atmospheric and snow mixing ratios of nitrates and nitrites and their fluxes above the snow surface were made during two intensive campaigns during spring time 2001 at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard as part of the EU project "The NItrogen Cycle and Effects on the oxidation of atmospheric trace species at high latitudes" (NICE).At this coastal site close to the unseasonably unfrozen fjord, of the measured nitrogen species, only HNO 3 showed a significant flux on to the snow surface; a mean deposition of −8.7 nmol h −1 m −2 was observed in late April / early May 2001. These fluxes may be due to the reaction of HNO 3 with sea salt, and especially NaCl, or may be simply uptake of HNO 3 by ice, which is alkaline because of the sea salt in our marine environment. During snowfall periods dry deposition of HNO 3 may contribute up to 10% of the N budget in the snow; however, the main source for N is wet deposition in falling snow.The surface snow at Ny-Ålesund showed very complex stratigraphy; the NO − 3 mixing ratio in snow varied between 65 and 520 ng g −1 , the total NO − 3 content of the snowpack was on the order of 2700 ng cm −2 . In comparison the atmospheric boundary layer column showed a NO − 3 content of only 8 ng cm −2 . The limited exchange, however, between the snow and the atmosphere was attributed to low mobility of NO − 3 in the observed snow. Contrary to other Arctic sites (i.e. Alert, Nunavut or Summit, Greenland) deposition of sea salt and crustal aerosols in this marine environment made the surface snow alkaline; snow NO − 3 was associated with heavier cations and was not readily available for physical exchange or photochemical reactions.

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Section: Aerosol Compositionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Fluxes of nitrates between snow surfaces and the atmosphere in the European high Arctic

Beine¹,

Dominé

Ianniello³

et al. 2003

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…HNO 3 in the atmosphere is taken up by mineral dust particles as nitrates, reducing photochemically active NO x (Hanisch and Crowley, 2001;Underwood et al, 2001;Liao et al, 2003;Gibson et al, 2006b). As a result, mineral dust particles in northern China can affect photochemical oxidation in the regional atmosphere.…”

Section: Atmospheric Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of nitrate coatings on atmospheric mineral dust particles

2009

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Abstract. Nitrate compounds have received much attention because of their ability to alter the hygroscopic properties and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of mineral dust particles in the atmosphere. However, very little is known about specific characteristics of ambient nitratecoated mineral particles on an individual particle scale. In this study, sample collection was conducted during brown haze and dust episodes between 24 May and 21 June 2007 in Beijing, northern China. Sizes, morphologies, and compositions of 332 mineral dust particles together with their coatings were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalyses. Structures of some mineral particles were verified using selected-area electron diffraction (SAED). TEM observation indicates that approximately 90% of the collected mineral particles are covered by visible coatings in haze samples whereas only 5% are coated in the dust sample. 92% of the analyzed mineral particles are covered with Ca-, Mg-, and Na-rich coatings, and 8% are associated with K-and S-rich coatings. The majority of coatings contain Ca, Mg, O, and N with minor amounts of S and Cl, suggesting that they are possibly nitrates mixed with small amounts of sulfates and chlorides. These nitrate coatings are strongly correlated with the presence of alkaline mineral components (e.g., calcite and dolomite). CaSO 4 particles with diameters from 10 to 500 nm were also detected in the coatings including Ca(NO 3 ) 2 and Mg(NO 3 ) 2 . Our results indicate that mineral particles in brown haze episodes were involved in atmospheric heteroCorrespondence to: L. Y. Shao (shaol@cumtb.edu.cn) geneous reactions with two or more acidic gases (e.g., SO 2 , NO 2 , HCl, and HNO 3 ). Mineral particles that acquire hygroscopic nitrate coatings tend to be more spherical and larger, enhancing their light scattering and CCN activity, both of which have cooling effects on the climate.

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“…Laboratory studies suggest increased uptake coefficients of HNO 3 , NO 2 , and SO 2 gases on mineral dust under higher relative humidity (which determines the amount of water associated with the particles) [Dlugi et al, 1981;Goodman et al, 2000;Hanisch and Crowley, 2001;Underwood et al, 2001;Usher et al, 2002]. Thus, to accumulate the comparable cases under various atmospheric conditions, observations should preferably be made in more stationary air with a constant supply of dust and pollution, such as in the urban boundary layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and chemical modification of mineral dust: Observational insight into the heterogeneous uptake of acidic gases

Matsuki

Iwasaka

Shi

et al. 2005

Geophysical Research Letters

116

112

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[1] Aerosol samples were collected in the urban atmosphere of Beijing, China, by deploying a tethered balloon. Coarse particles (d > 1 mm) were individually analyzed using electron microscopes, to investigate the extent of dust modification by acidic gases in the atmosphere. Based on the elemental composition, irregularly shaped mineral dust was separated into carbonate and silicate groups. Both sulfate and nitrate were found to accumulate on carbonate more readily than silicate particles. Interestingly, spherical particles resembling Ca-carbonate in composition were spotted frequently in the samples. These Ca-rich spherical particles were more abundant under humid conditions, suggesting that they are deliquesced carbonate particles that formed in the atmosphere following the uptake of acidic gases. Sulfate and nitrate were more frequently detected in the Ca-rich spherical particles than in carbonate in the original solid form, indicating that the gas uptake efficiency of carbonate is further enhanced after the phase transition.

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Heterogeneous Reactivity of Gaseous Nitric Acid on Al₂O₃, CaCO₃, and Atmospheric Dust Samples: A Knudsen Cell Study

Cited by 120 publications

References 40 publications

Fluxes of nitrates between snow surfaces and the atmosphere in the European high Arctic

Fluxes of nitrates between snow surfaces and the atmosphere in the European high Arctic

Observation of nitrate coatings on atmospheric mineral dust particles

Morphological and chemical modification of mineral dust: Observational insight into the heterogeneous uptake of acidic gases

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