Heterogeneous populations from in vitro cultures of antigen presenting cells in pigs

A window of opportunity : Modulation of the porcine gut microbiota and immune system by feed additives in early life

“…They both undergo maturation upon stimulation with LPS but respond differently to stimuli and remain distinct cell populations [104]. In addition, a recent study demonstrated that in vitro cultured porcine BMDCs exhibit two distinct populations that can be identified as MHC class-II+ and MHC class-II++ cells, the latter being more associated with macrophages [105].…”

“…For example, a previous study suggested that porcine blood DCs (BDCs), which contain classical or conventional (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), express lower levels of CD80/86 and have lower basal cytokine protein concentrations than MoDCs [107]. As far as we know, only a few studies have made such comparisons for porcine BMDCs [77,105], which demonstrated that porcine BMDCs were comparable to porcine MoDCs with regard to CD80/86 upregulation. However, in contrast to MoDCs, porcine BMDCs did not enhance MHC class-II expression upon stimulation with LPS [77].…”

“…However, in contrast to MoDCs, porcine BMDCs did not enhance MHC class-II expression upon stimulation with LPS [77]. In addition, a recent study showed that porcine BDCs, MoDCs, and BMDCs have distinct transcription signatures [105]. Several studies have also shown that in vitro cultured BMDCs exist of a heterogeneous group of cells that include conventional DCs and monocyte-derived macrophages [104,105,270,271], which should be considered as it may impact experimental conclusions.…”

“…In addition, a recent study showed that porcine BDCs, MoDCs, and BMDCs have distinct transcription signatures [105]. Several studies have also shown that in vitro cultured BMDCs exist of a heterogeneous group of cells that include conventional DCs and monocyte-derived macrophages [104,105,270,271], which should be considered as it may impact experimental conclusions. However, DC heterogeneity does not necessarily have to be disadvantageous as the in vivo situation also encompasses different DC subsets and macrophages.…”