Heterogeneous photo-Fenton and photocatalytic degradation studies of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2Cl4NP) using foundry sand and TiO2 coated cement/clay beads

Abstract

-Cement and clay beads coated with TiO 2 were used for the photo-degradation and mineralization of 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2Cl4NP) along with a heterogeneous solar photo-Fenton process using foundry sand (FS) as the iron source. The degradation process was optimized using slurry photocatalysis where 96% degradation of 2Cl4NP was achieved in 120 min at optimized conditions of C0=50 mgL -1 , pH=4, 0.75 gL -1 TiO 2 and H 2 O 2 = 0.1 mL/200 mL. Degradation of 2Cl4NP was analyzed through HPLC along with UV-Visible spectrophotometer at 266 nm. The degradation of 68% and 52% of 2Cl4NP was attained in fixed-bed photocatalysis using cement and clay beads, respectively. The durability studies of cement and clay beads were carried out in terms of number of recycles. 97.19% degradation was obtained in a solar photo-Fenton process after 105 min at pH=3. Complete mineralization of 2Cl4NP was confirmed through reduction in COD along with the disappearance of the parent compound peak in HPLC chromatograms.

Atrazine degradation through a heterogeneous dual-effect process using Fe–TiO2-allophane catalysts under sunlight

“…The results show the high stability of the Fe–TiO 2 -allophane catalysts and confirm that with these catalysts, the dual-effect process occurs in a heterogeneous phase. This is the opposite of the dual effect process proposed in the literature, where the process is favored by the soluble iron species from catalyst leaching [ 17 , 18 , 20 , 71 ].

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“…The Bansal research group [ [17] , [18] , [19] ] first proposed the AOP process called the "dual-effect," which combines the advantages of the photo Fenton and photocatalysis processes. In this process, a synergetic effect has been reported by enhancing the degradation efficiency and reducing the time of photocatalytic reactions compared with both processes separately [ [19] , [20] , [21] ].…”

Potential Use of Waste in Electrocatalysis Using Foundry Sand as Electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

“…8 FS has also been used for environmental remediation purposes. For example, Aggarwal et al 9 demonstrated that it is possible to degrade 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol by the photo-Fenton process, in a batch reactor, using foundry sand as the iron source, which was achieved in 105 min under solar light irradiation and 0.025% in volume of H 2 O 2 . Despite all these examples, no studies regarding electrochemical applications were found for this material, making this report probably the first to tap into the electrocatalytic properties of this specific waste onto HER.…”