Heterogeneous oligomerization of ethylene to liquids on bifunctional Ni-based catalysts: The influence of support properties on nickel speciation and catalytic performance

Effect of Metal Oxide–Support Interactions on Ethylene Oligomerization over Nickel Oxide/Silica–Alumina Catalysts

“…The weakened metal oxide-support interaction was also confirmed by the presence of aggregated nickel oxides on the SA surface in NiOx/SA-047 and NiOx/SA-386, as determined by EDS maps ( Figure S1). [22,24,71]. To be specific, ethylene is believed to be activated by L.A by nickel ion species such as Ni 2+ and Ni δ+ , with isomerization (including hydrogen transfer) propagating and terminating at B.A sites.…”

“…The heterogeneous oligomerization of ethylene has usually been attempted using Ni-based solid acid catalysts supported on several zeolites such as ZSM-5 [7][8][9][10], Y [11][12][13][14], beta [15], MCM-22 [13,16,17], and MCM-36 [16,17], and ordered mesoporous Al-SBA-15 [18,19], Al-MCM-48, and Al-MCM-41 [13,18,[20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, various non-crystalline amorphous materials, i.e., silica-alumina (SA) [25][26][27][28][29][30], sulfated alumina [31][32][33][34], B 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 [35], ZrO 2 /WO 3 [36,37], ZrO 2 /MoO 3 [38], ZrO 2 /SO 4 2− [39],…”

Ethylene Oligomerization over SiO2−Al2O3 Supported Ni2P Catalyst

“…Heterogeneous catalysts have recently been applied for ethylene oligomerization due to efficient separation of oligomers from the catalyst system . Reported catalysts typically consist of oxidized Ni species as an active centre and an Al‐doped SiO 2 support (e. g., Al‐SBA‐15, Al‐MCM‐41, zeolite, and amorphous SiO 2 −Al 2 O 3 ).…”

“…[6,9,10] Heterogeneous catalysts have recently been applied for ethylene oligomerization due to efficient separation of oligomers from the catalyst system. [11][12][13][14] Reported catalysts typically consist of oxidized Ni species as an active centre and an Aldoped SiO 2 support (e. g., Al-SBA-15, Al-MCM-41, zeolite, and amorphous SiO 2 À Al 2 O 3 ). For ion-exchanged Ni on Al-SBA-15, [13] ethylene is coordinated at the Ni site to form a metallocycle intermediate and an additional ethylene molecule is inserted for chain growth.…”

Theoretical identification of structural heterogeneities of divalent nickel active sites in NiMCM-41 nanoporous catalysts

“…Nickel ions supported on different silica, silica-alumina, natural clay, and zeolite-type porous materials are wellknown catalysts for the selective dimerization [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and oligomerization [1,5,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] of olefins in both gas and liquid phases. The application of silica-supported nickel catalysts for the ethylene dimerization dates back to 1980s [20][21][22].…”