Heterogeneous motivations for coca growing: The case of an indigenous Aymara community in Peru

Garcia-Yi, Jaqueline

doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.05.011

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This also holds for the research area, which later coca cultivation increases seem to be practically related only to narcotic traffic supply. There has not been increases in the amount of coca derived to traditional uses in the area, which is associated with the bitterness of the coca variety produced there [14]. As coca cultivation for supplying narcotics traffic is an illegal activity, farmers may be afraid that very large coca areas would draw the attention of authorities, who could intervene in the area (e.g., conduct coca eradication activities).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-Feeling pride in being a coffee farmer. This farmer characteristic is associated with low coca cultivation [14] which is expected to translate into a high need of a PA's land resources and therefore a low level of support for the PA. -Trust in the authorities. High levels of trust imply support for PAs [21,48].…”

Section: (D) Environmental-and Deforestation-related Variables -Beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently in the research area, 94 percent of farmers continue to cultivate coffee as a cash crop [36], which is sometimes complemented with coca cultivation. At the time the survey was conducted, membership in a cooperative was required in order for producers to sell their coffee due to restrictions on coffee intermediaries [14].…”

Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drugs and Protected Areas: Coca Cultivation and Social Acceptance of Bahuaja-Sonene National Park in Peru

Garcia-Yi¹

2015

Sustainability

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Cocaine is extracted from coca: a native bush from the Amazon rainforest. Coca is mostly grown in remote areas to avoid government intervention, and it has been increasingly cultivated inside protected areas (PAs). The effects of coca cultivation on the preservation of PAs are largely unknown. This research uses panel data (2006)(2007)(2008)) from a total of 684 farmers to evaluate the influence of coca growing on the acceptance of PAs, using as case study a farmer community located within the buffer zone of Bahuaja-Sonene National Park (Peru). All farmers are coffee growers and some complement their income with coca production. The area has not been subject of forced coca eradication activities. The data were analyzed using probit models with covariance matrix correction for cluster errors by year, with and without interaction effects. The results suggest that coca growers are more likely to state a positive opinion about the PA than non-coca growers. This may reflect the fact that non-coca growers need extensive areas of land for coffee cultivation in order to approach the economic benefits obtained by farmers who also grow coca. However the likelihood of stating a positive opinion by coca growers decreases the higher the perception that coca cultivation has increased in the region. Coca growers may be afraid that large coca areas would lead to the implementation of forced eradication activities. In such a case, the BSNP would restrict the access to remote land resources, which in turn decreases the support for this PA.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (D) Environmental-and Deforestation-related Variables -Beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drugs and Protected Areas: Coca Cultivation and Social Acceptance of Bahuaja-Sonene National Park in Peru

Garcia-Yi¹

2015

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“…The consolidation of a regime of justification, with the crop substitution that this entailed, was associated with obtaining sufficient income to guarantee agents’ civic-market worth. In the early 2000s, this was threatened by the low prices paid to local farmers (García-Yi, 2014). In this sense, cocoa marketing broadly depended on intermediaries with very high commercial margins who interpreted international prices downwards.…”

Section: The Social Construction Of Cocoa Activities In the Province ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

From coca to cocoa: Conflicts, violence and hegemonic compromises in the turbulent Peruvian Amazonia settlement process: The case of Tocache

et al. 2023

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This article analyses the role of conventions, compromises and even violence in the intricate bio-social construction process of cocoa cultivation in the province of Tocache in the Peruvian Amazonia. This article discusses the different phases of the settlement process and its social, institutional and environmental bases. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the dramatic abandonment of coca cultivation and its replacement by alternative crops such as cocoa. Emphasis is placed on the centrality of agents’ normative coherence and coordination. For over 50 years, the civic–market compromise has framed agents’ discourses and actions, although it has sometimes been ostensibly distorted. This framing effect has also occurred in circumstances with considerable recourse to violence and armed conflict. Thus, this article focuses not only on justification processes but also on what happens ‘after justification’ and on how violent situations can coexist with discursive constructions with a relevant normative element.

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“…Análisis de las motivaciones de las familias para el ingreso a la actividad ilícita: Según las investigaciones al respecto, estas motivaciones se pueden dividir en factores monetarios y no monetarios. En el primer grupo están las afectaciones a los ingresos familiares (Garcia-Yi, 2014), la pobreza (Ibáñez & Carlsson, 2010;Ojeda, 2011), la estabilidad del mercado de los ilícitos (Dávalos et al, 2009), el tipo de tierras, mayores ganancias en los cultivos ilícitos (Garcia-Yi, 2014), expectativas del mercado ilícito y el debilitamiento de actividades lícitas (Garcia-Yi, 2014). Entre los factores no monetarios, sobresalen la educación del cultivador (Garcia-Yi, 2014), las experiencias previas en el cultivo de coca, la religión, la poca legitimidad de las autoridades, los valores morales de los cultivadores, la lejanía de los centros de comercialización para la producción lícita (Ibáñez & Carlsson, 2010), la expansión de los cultivos ilícitos, la ayuda militar de Estados Unidos (Rouse & Arce, 2006), la presencia de cultivos ilícitos en municipios cercanos (Tabares & Rosales, 2005), las incautaciones de cocaína y la densidad rural (Rouse & Arce, 2006).…”

Section: Revisión De Literaturaunclassified

El Desarrollo Alternativo (2003-2021)

Rebolledo-Castillo

2023

Rev. Cient. Gen. José María Córdova

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El Desarrollo Alternativo ha sido un componente de la estrategia antidrogas en Colombia. Este artículo lo analiza en el periodo 2003 a 2021 en los departamentos de Nariño, Putumayo y Norte de Santander, con el fin de identificar aciertos y fallas en su diseño e implementación. Con un método cualitativo, se hicieron entrevistas a líderes sociales participantes de los programas que lo han constituido (Familias Guarda Bosques, PNIS y Col/K53). Como aporte para la evaluación de la política antidrogas y del Desarrollo Alternativo, se identificaron como factores positivos el fortalecimiento socioempresarial comunitario y el establecimiento de buenas relaciones con el personal técnico asistencial, y como factores negativos los retrasos en la ejecución de proyectos productivos y de seguridad alimentaria, y la ausencia de apoyo en la comercialización.

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Heterogeneous motivations for coca growing: The case of an indigenous Aymara community in Peru

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Drugs and Protected Areas: Coca Cultivation and Social Acceptance of Bahuaja-Sonene National Park in Peru

Drugs and Protected Areas: Coca Cultivation and Social Acceptance of Bahuaja-Sonene National Park in Peru

From coca to cocoa: Conflicts, violence and hegemonic compromises in the turbulent Peruvian Amazonia settlement process: The case of Tocache

El Desarrollo Alternativo (2003-2021)

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