“…We find several arguments in the literature that can explained the sluggish and imperfect monetary transmission process, such as for example the rigidity of bank costs (Enfrun and Cordier, 1994), the consumer aversion to pay variable interest rates (Borio and Fritz, 1995), the competition from direct finance (Mojon, 2000), or the lack of competition in the banking sector (Borio and Fritz, 1995). However, the empirical literature on determinants of bank interest rate pass-through is relatively scarce and has mainly focused on the role played by banking competition in the transmission of monetary policy (see, e.g., Sørensen and Werner, 2006;Van Leuvensteijn et al, 2013;Leroy and Lucotte, 2014).…”