Heterogeneous graphitic carbon nitrides in visible-light-initiated organic transformations

Abstract

Carbon nitride-catalyzed photocatalytic strategies for the oxidation of alcohols, reduction of nitro compounds, coupling reactions, and synthesis of esters, phenols, and sulfoxides have been summarized.

Visible-light-mediated synthesis of β-keto sulfones using g-C3N4 as a recyclable photocatalyst under sustainable conditions

“…3 a ,6 a To overcome these limitations, the development of efficient recyclable heterogeneous photocatalytic systems is in high demand and desirable. 3,7 Due to their high stability, easy handling, and recyclable nature, carbon-based materials have emerged as effective catalytic systems. 7,8 There are several carbon-based materials, viz.…”

“…3,7 Due to their high stability, easy handling, and recyclable nature, carbon-based materials have emerged as effective catalytic systems. 7,8 There are several carbon-based materials, viz. graphite oxide, graphitic carbon nitride, activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes, which have been widely used in organic synthesis.…”

“…graphite oxide, graphitic carbon nitride, activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes, which have been widely used in organic synthesis. 7,9 Among others, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is a metal-free polymer, synthesized by thermal polymerization of easily accessible and cheap starting materials like urea. 3 a ,6 b ,7,10 Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) absorbs light in the visible region (a band gap of 2.7 eV; λ max ∼460 nm).…”

“…7,9 Among others, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is a metal-free polymer, synthesized by thermal polymerization of easily accessible and cheap starting materials like urea. 3 a ,6 b ,7,10 Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) absorbs light in the visible region (a band gap of 2.7 eV; λ max ∼460 nm). 10 c It shows high thermal and photo-stability, which makes it an ideal photocatalyst to excite organic molecules under visible-light irradiation.…”

“…11 Owing to its recyclable property, easy handling nature, and low cost, g-C 3 N 4 has emerged as one of the finest photosensitizers in the field of visible-light mediated heterogeneous photocatalysis. 3 a ,6 b ,7,10 c ,12 Owing to these properties, the synthesis of a molecular framework using such a recyclable photocatalyst is in high demand. 12 b – e…”