Heterogeneous effects of adolescent violent victimization on problematic outcomes in early adulthood*

Turanovic, Jillian J.

doi:10.1111/1745-9125.12198

Cited by 42 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…This finding does not fully align with previous cross‐sectional research, which highlighted greater psychological consequences of violence exposure for the most frequently victimised youth (Finkelhor et al, , ; Reid & Sullivan, ). However, our finding aligns with recent longitudinal research, which found significant heterogeneity in the impacts of victimisation (Turanovic, ). In this study, Turanovic () found “that the consequences of adolescent victimization in early adulthood are more pronounced for youth with the lowest risks of being victimized” (p. 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…However, our finding aligns with recent longitudinal research, which found significant heterogeneity in the impacts of victimisation (Turanovic, ). In this study, Turanovic () found “that the consequences of adolescent victimization in early adulthood are more pronounced for youth with the lowest risks of being victimized” (p. 1). Similar to these findings, this study provides support for the “disadvantage saturation” hypothesis (Hannon, ; Turanovic, ), which proposes that the harmful effects of any singular stress or adversity are attenuated for those who are exposed to multiple adversities or for the “stress inoculation” explanation (Lyons, Parker, Katz, & Schatzberg, ), which suggests that the process of coping with stress builds resilience.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In this study, Turanovic () found “that the consequences of adolescent victimization in early adulthood are more pronounced for youth with the lowest risks of being victimized” (p. 1). Similar to these findings, this study provides support for the “disadvantage saturation” hypothesis (Hannon, ; Turanovic, ), which proposes that the harmful effects of any singular stress or adversity are attenuated for those who are exposed to multiple adversities or for the “stress inoculation” explanation (Lyons, Parker, Katz, & Schatzberg, ), which suggests that the process of coping with stress builds resilience. Sharing this notion of victim resiliency, Mieczkowski and Beauregard () found that among victims of sexual assault, familiarity with a criminal environment reduced the likelihood of a lethal outcome.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Parallel‐process trajectories of exposure to violence and psychological distress among justice‐involved youth

Reid

Loughran

2019

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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Background Researchers have raised awareness of high levels of violence exposure among justice‐involved adolescents and its association with psychological distress, yet the relationship between the violence and psychological distress has rarely been studied longitudinally. Aim This study aimed to gain understanding of the relationship between long‐term exposure to violence and the development of psychological distress among justice‐involved adolescents. Methods We examined exposure to violence and emergent psychological distress among adolescents using latent growth model analyses with a sample of 1,336 young people—male and female—who completed 10 follow‐up interviews over 7 years as part of the Pathways to Desistance study. We tested four models: (a) changes in exposure to violence over time, (b) changes in psychological distress over time, (c) the contemporaneous, parallel processes of changes in exposure to violence and psychological distress over time, and (d) differences in the evolution of violence exposure and psychological distress across sex and race/ethnicity. Results For the sample as a whole, exposure to violence decreased over time, as did psychological distress, but their relationship to each other was consistent. There were individual differences, however, and the subgroup of young African Americans did not experience the reduction in exposure to violence reported by the young Whites and Hispanics. Conclusions and implications for practice Trajectories of exposure to violence and related psychological distress did not escalate over time as expected. In light of these findings, more research is needed on the heterogeneity of violence exposure and its negative psychological impacts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

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Parallel‐process trajectories of exposure to violence and psychological distress among justice‐involved youth

Reid

Loughran

2019

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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“…Recent research has developed approaches to model "treatment-effect heterogeneity" using propensity scores, based on the idea that those factors which were influential for the selection of individuals into treatment (in this case, victimization) may also moderate the treatment effects (Brand and Thomas 2013;Xie et al 2012). Applying this approach to Add Health data, Turanovic (2019) found that victimization effects were strongest for those with the lowest propensity to be victimized, and reversely, weakest for those with the highest propensity, which she interpreted as a "disadvantage saturation" effect. In contrast, Mahuteau and Zhu (2016) reported stronger detrimental effects of victimization on wellbeing for those individuals who were in the lowest decile of the well-being distribution, and no significant effects for those at high levels of well-being.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among delinquent adolescents and particularly in neighborhood contexts of concentrated disadvantage and possibly subcultural norms, victimization has been found to actually increase risky lifestyle activities (Turanovic et al 2018). Thus, behavioral reactions to victimization could depend on individual and contextual differences which in themselves seem relevant for the likelihood of victimization, a phenomenon which is discussed as treatment-effect heterogeneity (Brand and Thomas 2013;Turanovic 2019).…”

Section: Negative Consequences Of Victimization and Other Life Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Victimization and Its Consequences for Well-Being: A Between- and Within-Person Analysis

2020

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Objectives We examined the effects of victimization on several aspects of well-being in a longitudinal study of a general population sample. Previous research has often been inconclusive, as it was largely based on cross-sectional data and prone to problems of unobserved heterogeneity and selection bias. We examined both between-person differences and within-person changes in well-being in relation to property and violent victimization. We investigated psychological and behavioral dimensions of well-being, controlling for and comparing with the effects of other negative life events. Methods We used data from a two-wave panel survey of 2928 respondents aged 25-89 nested in 140 neighborhoods in two large German cities. We applied random-effects modeling to separate between-person from within-person effects. Results The within-person detrimental effects of victimization were considerably smaller than between-person effects, which reflected preexisting, time-stable factors that distinguish individuals who have experienced victimization from individuals who have not. Detrimental effects concerned fear of crime, generalized trust, and neighborhood satisfaction, but did not extend to emotional well-being or life satisfaction, in contrast to other negative life events. We found empirical support both for adaptation ('recovery') effects as well as for anticipation effects. Violent victimization had stronger effects than property victimization, and victimization near the home had stronger effects than victimization elsewhere. Conclusion The findings indicate that violent victimization has palpable detrimental effects on security perceptions, trust and neighborhood satisfaction-but not on emotional well-being and life satisfaction-and that individuals largely recover from the victimization within 18 months.

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Neighborhood Risk Factors for Recidivism: For Whom do they Matter?

Jacobs

Skeem

2020

American J of Comm Psychol

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Justice‐involved people vary substantially in their risk of reoffending. To date, recidivism prediction and prevention efforts have largely focused on individual‐level factors like antisocial traits. Although a growing body of research has examined the role of residential contexts in predicting reoffending, results have been equivocal. One reason for mixed results may be that an individual’s susceptibility to contextual influence depends upon his or her accumulated risk of reoffending. Based on a sample of 2218 people on probation in San Francisco, California, this study draws on observational and secondary data to test the hypothesis that individual risk moderates the effect of neighborhood factors on recidivism. Results from survival analyses indicate that individual risk interacts with neighborhood concentrated disadvantage and disorder—and these factors increase recidivism among people relatively low in individual risk, but not those at higher risk. This is consistent with the disadvantage saturation perspective, raising the possibility that some people classified as low risk might not recidivate but for placement in disadvantaged and disorderly neighborhoods. Ultimately, residential contexts “matter” for lower risk people and may be useful to consider in efforts to prevent recidivism.

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Heterogeneous effects of adolescent violent victimization on problematic outcomes in early adulthood*

Cited by 42 publications

References 162 publications

Parallel‐process trajectories of exposure to violence and psychological distress among justice‐involved youth

Parallel‐process trajectories of exposure to violence and psychological distress among justice‐involved youth

Victimization and Its Consequences for Well-Being: A Between- and Within-Person Analysis

Neighborhood Risk Factors for Recidivism: For Whom do they Matter?

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